Abstract: Abstract: In recent years, the urbanization process of all provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin has accelerated, and the amount of domestic waste generated has been increasing. The treatment and disposal of domestic waste and incineration fly ash is of great significance to promote the high-quality economic development of the river basin and the construction of a "waste-free" city. At present, the problems of domestic waste generation and treatment and disposal characteristics of major cities at the basin scale are still unclear. This paper systematically analyzes the amount of domestic waste generated in the Yellow River Basin and its relationship with regional population and gross regional product from the perspective of time and space, discusses the domestic waste disposal methods and temporal changes in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, compares the differences of domestic waste treatment and disposal between urban and rural areas in the basin and between cities and developed cities in the basin, and analyzes the potential risks of domestic waste treatment and disposal in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that the amount of domestic waste generated in the Yellow River Basin was not greatly affected by the number of people, and the impact of GRP was more significant. From 2018 to 2021, except for Shandong Province, the treatment and disposal rate of urban and rural domestic waste in the same region differed significantly. From 2012 to 2021, the harmless methods of solid waste in the Yellow River Basin and developed cities were sanitary landfill and incineration, but the proportion of incineration in developed areas was higher, and the proportion of landfill in the upper and middle reaches of the river basin was higher than that in the lower reaches. In 2021, the number of incineration plants in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin was about twice that of the upper and middle reaches of the river, and the number of landfills was the least. The fly ash in the river basin is mainly landfilled, and the scale of resource utilization is small, and the incineration fly ash in Shaanxi Province is mainly landfill disposal, and the proportion of resource utilization is only 11.14%, and the utilization of fly ash is facing a bottleneck. The classification of domestic waste in the basin is not ideal, many landfills are close to saturation, some landfills are overloaded and face site closure, and there is a risk of leakage of leachate from landfills. On this basis, it is suggested that the Yellow River Basin formulate a garbage classification mechanism according to local conditions, accelerate the construction of domestic waste treatment facilities and landfills, develop the resource technology of waste incineration fly ash, and improve the resource utilization and harmless capacity of domestic waste.