生物质炭施用对水稻土有机质分子结构和组成的影响

宋凯悦; 刘志伟; 刘伟; 马睿凌; 李世贤; 卞荣军; 郑聚锋; 潘根兴

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.10

生物质炭施用对水稻土有机质分子结构和组成的影响

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.07.10

宋凯悦^{1, 2,},
刘志伟^{1, 2},
刘伟^{1, 2},
马睿凌^{1, 2},
李世贤^{1, 2},
卞荣军^{1, 2},
郑聚锋^{1, 2, ,},
潘根兴^{1, 2}

1.
南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所，江苏南京　210095
2.
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心，江苏南京　210095

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(No.42277330, 41877097)；江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(No.BE2022423)

详细信息

作者简介:
宋凯悦（1996-），女，山东滨州人，2236278939@qq.com

通讯作者:
郑聚锋(1977-)，男，河北赵县人，教授，博士，主要从事农田固碳与土壤健康研究，zhengjufeng@njau.edu.cn

中图分类号: X53；S153.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-04
- 修回日期: 2023-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-04

Effects of Biochar Application on Molecular Structure and Composition of Organic Matter in Paddy Soil

SONG Kaiyue^{1, 2
,},
LIU Zhiwei^{1, 2},
LIU Wei^{1, 2},
MA Ruiling^{1, 2},
LI Shixian^{1, 2},
BIAN Rongjun^{1, 2},
ZHENG Jufeng^{1, 2
, ,},
PAN Genxing^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42277330, 41877097); Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Jiangsu Province for Carbon Dioxide Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality, China (No.BE2022423)

摘要

摘要: 农田土壤施用生物质炭(BC)被认为是提高表层土壤固碳潜力的有效措施，但其对深层土壤有机质分子结构和组成特征的影响还认识不足. 本文以BC施用4年后的水稻土为研究对象，基于傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热裂解气质联用(Py-GC/MS)技术，探究BC施用对耕作层(A层，0~15 cm)、犁底层(Ap层，15~28 cm)和潴育层(W，28~50 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和有机质分子结构与组成的影响. 结果表明：①与不施炭的对照(CK)处理相比，BC处理下A层SOC和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别显著增加了13.0%和22.3%，Ap层DOC含量增加了20.8%，而W层SOC和DOC含量均无显著性变化. ②从有机质化学结构来看，BC施用增加了各土层芳香族碳组分的相对峰强度，而降低了A层和Ap层多糖等碳水化合物的相对峰强度，有机质结构趋于芳香化. ③BC施用明显增加了不同深度水稻土有机质分子的相对丰度并改变了分子组成. 与CK处理相比，BC处理降低了各土层中氨基酸、氨基化合物、二元羧酸、羟基酸和糖类的相对丰度，特别是Ap层和W层；而BC处理则增加了各土层中烷烃类、胺类、杂环氮化合物、苯酚酯和多酚类的相对丰度. 研究显示，施用BC增加了表层土壤中疏水性分子和芳香性化合物向深层土壤的迁移，增强了深层土壤碳库的稳定性.
- 生物质炭 /
- 水稻土 /
- 土壤有机质分子组成 /
- 深层土壤 /
- 固碳
Abstract: Biochar (BC) application has been regarded as an effective measure to increase soil carbon sequestration potential of topsoil, but its effect on the molecular structure and composition characteristics of deep soil organic matter has not been clearly understood. Paddy soil samples after 4 years of BC amendment were collected to investigate the effects of BC application on soil organic carbon content (SOC), molecular structure and composition of organic matter in the cultivation layer (A layer, 0-15 cm), plowpan (Ap layer, 15-28 cm) and hydrogric (W layer, 28-50 cm) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that: (1) Compared with non-biochar amended soil, the contents of SOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in layer A significantly increased by 13.0% and 22.3%, respectively, and the content of DOC in layer Ap increased by 20.8%, while the contents of SOC and DOC in layer W had no significant change in the BC treatment. (2) As far as the chemical structure of organic matter fractions were concerned, BC application increased the relative absorption peak intensities of aromatic carbon fractions in each soil layer, while decreasing the relative absorption peak intensities of carbohydrates such as polysaccharides in the A and Ap layers, and the organic matter structure tended to be aromatic. (3) BC application significantly increased the relative molecular abundance and changed the molecular composition of organic matter in paddy soils at different depths. Compared with the CK treatment, the relative abundance of amino acids, amino compounds, dicarboxylic acids, hydroxyl acids and sugars in BC treatment decreased in each soil layer, especially in the Ap and W layers. However, the relative abundance of alkanes, amines, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, phenol esters and polyphenols in the BC treatment increased significantly in soil layers A, Ap and W. This study indicates that BC application increases the migration of hydrophobic molecules and aromatic compounds from the surface soil to deep soil, and enhances the stability of carbon pool in deep soil.
- biochar /
- paddy soil /
- soil organic matter molecular composition /
- deep soil /
- carbon sequestration

HTML全文

图 1 不同处理下各土壤深度SOC和DOC含量

注：图中大写字母表示同一土层不同处理间差异显著，小写字母表示同一处理不同土层间差异显著(P<0.05). CK处理表示未施用生物质炭处理，BC处理表示使用生物质炭处理(15 t/hm²)，下同.

Figure 1. SOC and DOC contents at different soil depths under different treatments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同处理下各深度土壤的红外光谱特征

Figure 2. Infrared spectral characteristics of soil at different depths under different treatments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 热解GC/MS鉴定的有机质分子组成Van Krevelen图

注：AA—氨基酸；AC—醇类；AD—氨基化合物；AL—烷烃类；AM—胺类、有机胺；DA—二元羧酸；ES—脂肪族酯；ET—醚；FA—脂肪酸；HA—羟基酸；HC—其他基团化合物；HN—杂环氮化合物；HO—杂环氧化合物；KE—酮类；OP—有机磷化合物；PE—苯酚酯；PH—多酚类；RA—树脂酸；SES—糖脂；ST—固醇类；SU—糖类. 下同.

Figure 3. Van Krevelen plot of molecular composition of organic matter identified by pyrolysis GC/MS

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 热解GC/MS鉴定的化合物类别归一化相对丰度

Figure 4. Normalized relative abundance of compound classes identified by pyrolysis GC/MS

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 红外吸收峰的主要归属

Table 1. Main attributions of infrared absorption peaks

波数/cm⁻¹		主要归属
本研究结果	文献报道	主要归属
3 620	3 698~3 622	高岭土中O—H的伸缩振动^[22]
3 421	3 600~3 400	水、醇类及酚类中O—H的伸缩振动^[22]
2 920	3 020~2 800	脂肪族烷基(CH、CH₂、CH₃)内C—H键的不对称和对称拉伸振动^[22]
1 635	1 660~1 580	芳香族的C=C、酰胺C=O和COO⁻的伸缩振动^[23]
1 432	1 610~1 370	芳香族的C=C或C=N的伸缩振动^[24]
1 034	1 100~1 050	纤维素等多糖中C—O—C键和土壤矿物中无机Si—O—Si键的拉伸振动^[25]

下载: 导出CSV

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