合成氨行业CO<sub>2</sub>与大气污染物排放清单及减污降碳潜力研究：以河南省为例

张朝龙; 杨丽亚; 董欣宜; 张瑞芹; 王克

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.08.02

合成氨行业CO₂与大气污染物排放清单及减污降碳潜力研究：以河南省为例

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.08.02

1.
郑州大学生态与环境学院，河南郑州　450001
2.
中原环保股份有限公司，河南郑州　450000

基金项目: 河南省重点行业减煤实施路径与“能源革命县”试点示范评估研究(No.G-2209-34120)；美国能源基金会资助项目

详细信息

作者简介:
张朝龙（1994-），男，河南新乡人，18336854253@163.com

通讯作者:
王克(1985-)，男，河南郑州人，讲师，博士，主要从事能源与环境影响研究， wangK@zzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X32
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-04
- 修回日期: 2023-08-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-09

Research on CO₂ and Air Pollutant Emission Inventory and Potential for Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction in Synthetic Ammonia Industry: Taking Henan Province as an Example

1.
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2.
Zhongyuan Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China

Funds: Implementing Paths of Coal Reduction in Key Industries in Henan Province and Assessment of Pilot Demonstration of ‘Coal-Elimination in a County Level’, China (No.G-2209-34120); Projects Funded by the US Energy Foundation

摘要

摘要: 合成氨行业产生了大量的CO₂和大气污染物，是我国实现减污降碳的关键行业之一. 河南省合成氨生产量较大，也是全国大气污染最严重的地区之一. 本研究以河南省为例，基于企业调研数据构建了合成氨行业CO₂与大气污染物排放清单，并采用LEAP (The Low Emissions Analysis Platform)模型结合节能供给曲线，评估了不同情景下CO₂和大气污染物减排潜力. 结果表明：①2017年河南省合成氨行业CO₂排放总量为39 095.08×10³ t，PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂和NO_x排放量分别为2.66×10³、3.74×10³、20.48×10³和31.05×10³ t. 2020年河南省合成氨行业CO₂和大气污染物排放量比2017年下降了21%左右. ②从空间分布来看，CO₂和大气污染物排放主要集中在开封市和新乡市. ③在同时考虑能源结构优化、采用先进节能降碳技术、提高大气污染污染物末端去除效率的综合减排情景下，2030年河南省合成氨行业CO₂、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂和NO_x的减排潜力分别为26 453.75×10³、1.74×10³、2.37×10³、11.79×10³和18.34×10³ t，显著高于其他情景. 综合减排情景下，CO₂与大气污染物减排协同性优于其他情景. 研究显示，通过加大对GC型低压氨合成工艺等技术的应用，河南省合成氨行业到2030年CO₂减排量达到17 023.32×10³ t，通过提升末端治理水平，到2030年大气污染物减排比例最高达60.53%.
- 合成氨行业 /
- 排放清单 /
- LEAP /
- 减污降碳 /
- 节能供给曲线
Abstract: The synthetic ammonia industry produces a large amount of CO₂ and atmospheric pollutants. Therefore, it has become one of the key industries for China to reduce air pollution and carbon emissions. Henan Province has intensive production in synthetic ammonia and it is also one of the regions with the most serious air pollution throughout the whole country. In this study, a homologous emission list of CO₂ and air pollutants in the synthetic ammonia industry of Henan Province was constructed based on data collected from local enterprises, and the LEAP (The Low Emissions Analysis Platform) model was combined with Energy Conservation Supply Curve model to evaluate the multi-scenario emission reduction potential of CO₂ and air pollutants. The results show that: (1) In 2017, the total CO₂ emissions of the synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province were 39,095.08×10³ t, and the emissions of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO_x were 2.66×10³, 3.74×10³, 20.48×10³ and 31.05×10³ t, respectively. In 2020, the emissions of CO₂ and air pollutant from the synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province decreased by about 21% compared to 2017. (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, CO₂ and air pollutant emissions were mainly concentrated in Kaifeng City and Xinxiang City. (3) Under the comprehensive emission reduction scenario that takes into account of the optimization of energy structure, adoption of advanced energy-saving and carbon-reduction technologies, and the improvement of the removal efficiency, the emission reduction potential of CO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO_x in Henan Province by 2030 is found to be 26,453.75×10³, 1.74×10³, 2.37×10³, 11.79×10³ and 18.34×10³ t, respectively, which are significantly higher than other scenarios. Under the comprehensive emission reduction scenario, the synergistic effect of CO₂ and air pollutant reduction is better than other scenarios. Research shows that by promoting the application of GC-type low-pressure ammonia synthesis process and other technologies, CO₂ emission from the synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province can be reduced by 17,023.32×10³ t in 2030, and by improving the efficiency of end-of-pipe treatment, air pollutant emissions can be reduced by 55.91%-60.53%.
- synthetic ammonia industry /
- emission inventory /
- LEAP /
- reduce pollution and carbon emissions /
- energy conservation supply curve model

HTML全文

图 1 河南省合成氨企业地理分布

Figure 1. Geographical locations of synthetic ammonia enterprises in Henan Province

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图 2 河南省合成氨企业各城市CO₂和大气污染物排放空间分布情况

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of CO₂ and air pollutants emissions from synthetic ammonia industry of Henan Province

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图 3 河南省合成氨产品产量预测结果

Figure 3. Forecast results of synthetic ammonia production in Henan Province

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图 4 河南省合成氨降碳技术的减排成本曲线

注：1—GC型低压氨合成工艺技术；2—氨合成反应器温度的自动控制与优化技术；3—无动力氨回收技术；4—N-甲基二乙醇胺溶液脱碳系统；5—高压煤气化技术；6—两段法变压吸附脱碳技术；7—三废混燃炉技术；8—顶置多喷嘴粉煤加压气化炉技术；9—中低温转换技术；10—轴径向低阻力大型氨合成反应技术.

Figure 4. Cost curve of carbon reduction technologies for synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province

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图 5 不同情景下河南省合成氨行业CO₂的排放量

Figure 5. CO₂ emission of synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province under various scenarios

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图 6 不同情景下河南省合成氨行业大气污染物排放量

Figure 6. Air pollutant emissions of synthetic ammonia industry in Henan Province under various scenarios

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表 1 合成氨行业CO₂及大气污染物排放因子

Table 1. Emission factors of CO₂ and air pollutants for synthetic ammonia industry

燃料类型	燃烧技术	单位	排放因子
燃料类型	燃烧技术	单位	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO_x	CO₂
煤炭	层燃炉	kg/t	0.42(Aar)^[44]	1.74(Aar)^[44]	16(S)^[44]	7.5^[44]	1 825^[40]
	煤粉炉		0.45(Aar)^[44]	1.725(Aar)^[44]
	流化床炉		0.45(Aar)^[44]	1.725(Aar)^[44]
柴油		kg/t	0.67^[44]	1.03^[44]	2.24^[58]	5.84^[44]	2 973^[40]
天然气		kg/m³	0.17^[58]	0.24^[58]	0.18^[58]	2.09^[59]	2 114^[40]
合成氨(不分技术)		kg/t	1.86^[44]	2.12^[44]	3^[58]	0.9^[58]
电力		t/(MW•h)					0.58^[60]
注：Aar为平均燃煤收到基灰分，%；S为平均燃煤收到基硫分，%.

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表 2 合成氨行业降碳技术相关参数

Table 2. Technical parameters for carbon reduction in the ammonia industry

技术名称	碳减排量/ [kg(以CO₂计)/t(以合成氨计)]	单位投资额/ [元/t(以合成氨计)]	技术推广率/%		数据来源
技术名称	碳减排量/ [kg(以CO₂计)/t(以合成氨计)]	单位投资额/ [元/t(以合成氨计)]	2017年	2025年	数据来源
GC型低压氨合成工艺技术	255.56	16.61	50	70	文献[63]
氨合成反应器温度的自动控制与优化技术	50	5	76	86	文献[12]
无动力氨回收技术	52.29	8	70	85	文献[12]
N-甲基二乙醇胺溶液脱碳系统	114.07	28	46	78	文献[12]
高压煤气化技术	194.52	60	65	80	文献[12]
两段法变压吸附脱碳技术	166.67	67.50	50	75	文献[63]
三废混燃炉技术	96.31	65	59	75	文献[62]
顶置多喷嘴粉煤加压气化炉技术	260	213.47	56	88	文献[61]
中低温转换技术	57.79	60	54	73	文献[62]
轴径向低阻力大型氨合成反应技术	203.05	225	70	85	文献[62]

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表 3 2017年河南省合成氨行业产能、CO₂和大气污染物排放情况

Table 3. Production capacities, CO₂ and atmospheric pollutant emissions of synthetic ammonia industry of Henan Province in 2017

城市	PM_2.5排放量/(10³ t)		PM₁₀排放量/(10³ t)		SO₂排放量/(10³ t)		NO_x排放量/(10³ t)		CO₂排放量/(10³ t)		合成氨产能/(10³ t)
城市	固定燃烧源	工艺过程源	固定燃烧源	工艺过程源	固定燃烧源	工艺过程源	固定燃烧源	工艺过程源	燃料燃烧	间接排放	合成氨产能/(10³ t)
安阳市	0.28	0.02	0.39	0.02	0.15	0.10	1.52	0.09	2 079.34	632.82	240.0
焦作市	0.22	0.04	0.33	0.04	1.29	0.23	2.08	0.20	2 880.34	306.93	400.0
开封市	0.92	0.14	1.31	0.16	10.41	1.74	13.46	1.51	11 026.14	976.13	3 030.0
濮阳市	0.09	0.09	0.14	0.10	0.66	0.17	1.45	0.14	1 251.93	195.23	300.0
三门峡市	0.23	0.03	0.32	0.05	0.15	0.02	1.37	0.01	2 686.84	449.63	120.0
漯河市	0.03	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.08	0.17	0.65	0.15	1 272.93	317.14	300.0
周口市	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	270.24	105.74	180.0
洛阳市	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.30	0.13	0.29	0.11	698.63	105.24	420.0
新乡市	0.33	0.10	0.44	0.12	3.46	0.84	5.88	0.73	9 033.64	1 219.82	1 535.0
驻马店市	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.18	0.33	1.03	0.29	2 444.74	1 141.63	990.0
合计	2.19	0.47	3.19	0.54	16.71	3.77	27.77	3.28	33 644.77	5 450.31	7 515.0

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