我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF废物处置技术可行性分析与建议
Feasibility Analysis and Recommendations on Disposal Technology for Typical PFOS/PFOSF-Containing Wastes in China
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摘要: 为促进我国全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOS/PFOSF)的削减和逐步淘汰,防控环境风险,迫切需要对淘汰、废弃的含PFOS/PFOSF产品、副产物以及生产和
、使用过程中产生的含PFOS/PFOSF废物进行安全无害化处理处置。调研和数据分析结果表明,2021年我国已停产PFOSF,2002—~2020年我国PFOS/PFOSF的生产总量约为2 120 t。我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF液态废物包括有废弃消防泡沫、消防泡沫使用后收集的残液、废弃电镀镀液、工艺或清洗废水、废有机溶剂等,以及固态/半固态废物有蒸(精)馏釜残、废水处理污泥、污染土壤、电镀滤渣、废吸附剂和过滤材料等。目前针对液态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术主要有活性炭和树脂吸附、膜滤、混凝,可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术有焚烧/水泥窑、超声降解和亚/超临界水处理技术,但在应用时都有一定的前置条件;针对固态/半固态废物,可行的PFOS/PFOSF非破坏处理技术包括稳定化和废物填埋,而焚烧/水泥窑是目前最为可行的PFOS/PFOSF破坏处理技术。建议根据我国典型含PFOS/PFOSF废物的特点采取相应可行的处理处置技术,在应用成熟技术的同时,适当尝试采用亚/超临界水处理技术、超声降解技术以及其他较新的技术;对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量≥50 mg/kg的废物采用可行的破坏技术处置,对PFOS/PFOSF物质含量<50 mg/kg的废物经稳定化预处理后方可进入填埋场。-
关键词:
- 全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOS/PFOSF) /
- 废物特点 /
- 处置 /
- 可行性分析 /
- 处置方案
Abstract: In order to promote the reduction and phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride(PFOS/PFOSF), and prevent and control environmental risks, it is urgent to carry out safe and harmless treatment of the products and by-products containing PFOS/PFOSF and wastes containing PFOS/PFOSF produced during production and use. Through investigation and data analysis, the result shows that China has stopped production of PFOSF in 2021 and the total production of PFOS/PFOSF duringin2002-~2020 is about 2120 t. Typical liquid wastes containing PFOS/PFOSF in China include waste firefighting foam, residual liquid collected after use of firefighting foam, waste electroplating solution, process or cleaning wastewater, waste organic solvent, etc. Solid/semisolid wastes include distilling(rectification) still residue, waste water treatment sludge, contaminated soil, electroplating filter residue, waste adsorbent and filter material, etc. At present, the feasible PFOS/PFOSF non-destructive treatment technologies for liquid wastes mainly include activated carbon and resin adsorption, membrane filtration and coagulation, and the feasible PFOS/PFOSF destructed treatment technologies include incineration/cement kiln, ultrasonic degradation and sub/supercritical water treatment, but they all have certain precondition in application. For solid/semisolid wastes, feasible PFOS/PFOSF non-destructive treatment technologies include stabilization and landfill, while incineration/cement kiln is currently the most feasible PFOS/PFOSF destructed treatment technology. It is suggested to adopt appropriate treatment and disposal technologies according to the characteristics of typical PFOS/PFOSF wastes in China, while applying mature technologies, try to adopt sub/supercritical water treatment technology, ultrasonic degradation technology and other relatively new technologies. Wastes with PFOS/PFOSF content ≥50 mg/kg should be disposed of by the PFOS/PFOSF destructed treatment technologies, and wastes with PFOS/PFOSF content <50 mg/kg can be put into landfill after stabilization pretreatment.
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