碳化对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰“减污降碳”协同处置潜力研究
Accelerated carbonization for domestic waste incineration fly ash "pollution and carbon reduction" application research
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摘要: 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰由于富含碱性物质而具有较大的CO2吸收潜能,本研究通过模拟加速碳化实验探究生活垃圾焚烧飞灰对CO2的实际吸收能力,同时基于Steinour方程研究历年飞灰对CO2的理论吸收能力。结果表明:《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2014)的发布实施导致飞灰中碱性成分占比上升,使得飞灰对CO2的吸收潜能约增大1.38倍;推算得知2020年全国飞灰对CO2理论吸收量达339.93万吨,通过加速碳化实验计算出2020年全国飞灰对CO2实际吸收量为16.34万吨,仅占理论吸收量的4.8%,主要是由于在碳化过程中产生的碳酸钙及其他聚合物包裹飞灰,使得外部CO2难以进入飞灰内部;通过浸出实验得知加速碳化后飞灰中重金属Zn、Cd的浸出浓度分别下降10%-18%和9%-30%。研究显示,加速碳化对飞灰“减污降碳”协同处置具有理论可行性,可作为我国实现“双碳”目标的技术途径之一。Abstract: Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash possess great CO2 absorption potential because it is rich in alkaline substances. This paper explores the CO2 absorption capacity of domestic waste incineration fly ash through simulated accelerated carbonization experiment, and studies the theoretical CO2 absorption capacity of fly ash over the pasted years based on Steinour equation. The results show that the release and implementation of standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration (GB 18485-2014) led to the increase of the proportion of alkaline components in fly ash, which increased the absorption potential of fly ash to CO2 by about 1.33 times; the theoretical absorption capacity of fly ash to CO2 in 2020 was calculated to be 3.3993 million tons, and the actual absorption capacity of fly ash to CO2 in 2020 was calculated to be 163,400 tons by accelerated carbonation experiment, which only accounted for 4.8% of the theoretical absorption capacity. This is mainly due to the wrapping of fly ash by calcium carbonate and other polymers produced in the carbonization process, which makes it difficult for external CO2 to enter the internal fly ash; the leaching experiment shows that the leaching concentration of Zn and Cd decreases by 10%-18% and 9%-30% after accelerated carbonization. The study shows that accelerated carbonization is theoretically feasible for the synergistic disposal of fly ash, and can be one of the technical ways to achieve the goal of "double carbon" in China.
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