基于实际行驶里程的重型货车动态排放清单构建方法与应用

杨艳; 陈建华; 张鹏; 张凯; 沈毅成; 高健

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.08.04

基于实际行驶里程的重型货车动态排放清单构建方法与应用

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2023.08.04

杨艳^1,,
陈建华¹,
张鹏²,
张凯¹,
沈毅成¹,
高健^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院大气环境研究所，北京　100012
2.
生态环境部环境规划院，北京　100043

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3703400)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨艳（1991-），女，陕西榆林人，工程师，硕士，主要从事机动车污染研究，yangyeahn@163.com

通讯作者:
高健(1979-)，男，山东潍坊人，研究员，博士，博导，主要从事大气环境化学及污染机理研究，gaojian@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X51
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- 文章访问数: 140
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- PDF下载量: 43
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-22
- 修回日期: 2023-08-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-11

Method and Application of Dynamic Emission Inventory for Heavy-Duty Trucks Based on Actual Vehicle Kilometers Travelled

1.
Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
2.
Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100043, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC3703400)

摘要

摘要: 为建立精细化重型货车动态排放清单，通过应用GPS大数据，提出了一种基于实际行驶里程构建重型货车动态排放清单的方法，以山东省潍坊市为例进行方法应用和污染物排放特征分析，并与保有量法进行对比分析. 结果表明：①基于GPS大数据计算的本地和过境单辆重型货车日行驶里程分别为(126.73±15.24)和(107.10±6.14) km，计算结果更接近于实际状况. ②2019年重型货车CO、NO_x、SO₂、NH₃、VOCs、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、BC和OC排放量分别为2811.00、7334.06、275.90、33.50、344.70、119.02、130.31、69.18和17.69 t，其中过境重型货车各污染物排放量占比范围为73.07%~76.31%. ③过境重型货车污染物小时排放量呈双峰分布，峰值分别出现在12:00和20:00；本地重型货车小时排放量呈单峰分布，峰值出现在12:00. 过境重型货车在青银高速公路上的污染物排放量明显高于其他道路. ④基于保有量法计算的重型货车污染物排放量高于基于实际行驶里程法的计算结果，2种方法排放量差异在66.80%~74.96%之间. 研究显示，潍坊市重型货车污染物排放量以过境重型货车排放为主，基于实际行驶里程可构建本地和过境重型货车高时空分辨率排放清单.
- 行驶里程 /
- 本地重型货车 /
- 过境重型货车 /
- 排放清单 /
- GPS大数据
Abstract: In order to establish a refined dynamic emission inventory of heavy-duty trucks (HDTs), a method of actual vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) based on GPS big data was proposed. Taking Weifang City of Shandong Province as an example, the application of this method and pollutant emission characteristics were analyzed, and a comparison was made with the traditional registered vehicle method. The results indicate that: (1) The daily VKT calculated based on GPS big data for single local and non-local HDTs were (126.73±15.24) and (107.10±6.14) km, respectively, which were closer to the actual situation. (2) The annual emissions of CO, NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, VOCs, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC from HDTs in 2019 were 2811.00, 7334.06, 275.90, 33.50, 344.70, 119.02, 130.31, 69.18 and 17.69 t/a, respectively. Among these pollutants, the pollutants from non-local HDTs accounted for 73.07% to 76.31% of the total emissions. (3) The hourly emissions of pollutants from non-local HDTs showed a double peak distribution, with peaks at 12:00 and 20:00. The hourly emission from local HDTs showed a single peak distribution, with a peak at 12:00. Furthermore, the non-local HDTs emitted higher levels of pollutant on the G20 (Qingdao-Yinchuan Highway) than on other roads. (4) The pollutant emissions of HDTs calculated based on registered vehicle method were higher than those calculated based on the actual VKT, with emission differences ranging from 66.80% to 74.96%. The research shows that the pollutant emissions of HDTs in Weifang City are mainly from non-local HDTs. By using actual VKT data, we can construct high spatio-temporal resolution emission inventories for both local and non-local HDTs.
- vehicle kilometers travelled /
- local heavy-duty trucks /
- non-local heavy-duty trucks /
- emission inventory /
- GPS big data

HTML全文

图 1 潍坊市重型货车行车结构

Figure 1. Composition of HDTs in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 潍坊市不同排放标准的重型货车行驶里程占比

Figure 2. Proportion of VKTs of HDTs with different emission standards in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 潍坊市本地与过境重型货车月行驶里程

Figure 3. Monthly VKTs of local and non-local HDTs in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 潍坊市不同车龄的单辆重型货车日均行驶里程

Figure 4. Daily average VKTs of a single HDT of different ages in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 潍坊市不同排放标准的重型货车交通量和污染物排放量占比

Figure 5. Proportion of the traffic volume and emissions of HDTs with different emission standards in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 潍坊市重型货车PM_2.5和NO_x逐日排放量

Figure 6. Daily emissions of PM_2.5 and NO_x from HDTs in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 潍坊市本地与过境重型货车污染物小时排放量变化情况

Figure 7. Hourly emissions from local and non-local HDTs in Weifang City

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图 8 潍坊市本地和过境重型货车R₅₀道路污染物排放空间分布

Figure 8. Spatial distribution of pollutant emissions from local and non-local HDTs on R₅₀ roads in Weifang City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 本地化修正后的排放因子

Table 1. Revised emission factors

车型	排放标准	排放因子/(g/km)
车型	排放标准	CO	NO_x	SO₂	NH₃	VOCs	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	BC	OC
重型载货柴油车	国Ⅲ	1.63	5.80	0.14	0.02	0.29	0.14	0.15	0.08	0.02
	国Ⅳ	1.37	3.29	0.14	0.02	0.14	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.01
	国Ⅴ	1.37	2.80	0.14	0.02	0.14	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 潍坊市本地重型货车与过境重型货车污染物日均排放量

Table 2. Daily average emissions of local and non-local HDTs in Weifang City

污染物	本地重型货车		过境重型货车		B/A
污染物	日均排放量(A)/t	标准差/t	日均排放量(B)/t	标准差/t	B/A
CO	2.08	0.67	5.72	1.69	2.75
NO_x	5.24	1.61	15.10	4.33	2.88
SO₂	0.21	0.07	0.56	0.17	2.67
NH₃	0.03	0.01	0.07	0.02	2.33
VOCs	0.25	0.08	0.71	0.21	2.84
PM_2.5	0.08	0.02	0.25	0.07	3.13
PM₁₀	0.09	0.02	0.27	0.07	3.00
BC	0.05	0.01	0.15	0.04	3.00
OC	0.01	0.00	0.04	0.01	4.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2种方法计算的污染物排放量对比

Table 3. Comparison of pollutant emissions calculated by two methods

项目	基于保有量法(M)	基于实际行驶里程法(N)	(\|N−M\|/M)×100%¹⁾
保有量(或交通量)	7.92×10⁴ 辆/a	4.78×10⁴辆/d
行驶里程/[km/(d·辆)]	205.48	116.92
CO排放量/(t/a)	8 814.03	2 811.00	68.11
NO_x排放量/(t/a)	25 209.27	7 334.06	70.91
SO₂排放量/(t/a)	831.09	275.90	66.80
NH₃排放量/(t/a)	100.92	33.50	66.81
VOCs排放量/(t/a)	1 226.30	344.70	71.89
PM_2.5排放量/(t/a)	454.51	119.02	73.81
PM₁₀排放量/(t/a)	504.72	130.31	74.18
BC排放量/(t/a)	265.84	69.18	73.98
OC排放量/(t/a)	70.64	17.69	74.96
注：1)单位为%.

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