Abstract: Fenton method, as a well-known advanced oxidation technology, has been widely used in the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater. However, it generates a large amount of iron-containing solid waste, which affects the efficiency of sewage treatment and increases operating costs. In order to explore a more direct utilization of Fenton solid waste, this study collected iron sand from a novel wastewater treatment Fenton tower and iron sludge from traditional Fenton ponds, and compared their effectiveness as catalysts for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in a heterogeneous Fenton system. (1) Iron sand and iron sludge have obvious differences in appearance, microstructure and composition. Iron sand is yellow, iron sludge is reddish, iron sand has a mesoporous structure with relatively simple composition, with a specific surface area of 144.818 m²/g, and an average pore size of 3.061 nm. (2) The mass fraction of Fe in the iron sand is as high as 61%, which is significantly higher than that of the iron sludge, and exists in the form of indeterminate FeOOH. In addition, iron sand contains sulfur (S) and trace amounts of other metal elements, whereas iron sludge lacks sulfur (S). (3) Furthermore, iron sand and iron sludge have been used as catalysts for the removal of TC, and the removal of TC has been proven to be a important factor in the removal of TC. As catalysts, the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride by iron sand and iron sludge was 87.40% and 29.83%, respectively. (4) The adsorption process of TC on iron sand follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the iron sand-H₂O₂ system has good degradation performance. The effects of Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2- on the degradation of TC were relatively small, while the presence of HCO₃^- and H₂PO₄^- inhibited the degradation of TC. Mechanistic studies indicated that ∙OH, ∙O₂^- and ¹O₂ were the main active radicals in the reaction process, with ∙O₂^- contributing the most, followed by ∙OH and ¹O₂ in comparable amounts. ∙OH and ¹O₂ act as direct attackers, and ∙O₂^- affects the formation of ∙OH and ¹O₂. The reaction in the iron sand-H₂O₂ system exhibited both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes, with homogeneous reactions dominating. The results indicate that iron sand has significant advantages as a catalyst for TC degradation. In conclusion, iron sand, as a highly promising iron source catalyst, has broad application prospects in the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotic. This study provides guidance for catalyst design and optimization of pollutant degradation technologies.