Abstract: Studying on the decoupling between carbon emissions and economic development at provincial level and its driving factors, can provide a scientific basis for achieving the goals of Chinese modernization and “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”. The Tapio decoupling model was used to calculate the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic development of provinces in China from 2015 to 2019, as well as the annual decoupling state transition. Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyze the main driving factors of carbon emissions from primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The results showed that: (1) From 2015 to 2019, there were 22 provinces with a decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic development, 2 provinces with an expansion connection, and 6 provinces with a negative decoupling state. During 2015-2019, the annual decoupling state showed a trend of fluctuations, and most were the interconversion between strong decoupling and weak decoupling. (2) Carbon emissions from primary industry were significantly correlated with total population and added value of secondary industry. Carbon emissions from secondary industry were significantly correlated with total population, added value of secondary industry and energy structure. Carbon emissions from tertiary industry were significantly correlated with total population, GDP, R&D expenditure, number of effective invention patents and added value of secondary industry. Population size and economic scale were the main driving factors for the increase of carbon emissions, while technology and energy structure were the inhibiting factors of carbon emissions. (3)Compared with the non-decoupling state, the relationship between total population, economic scale, technological level, energy structure and carbon emissions was more relevant in the decoupling state. Therefore, it was suggested to further adjust the energy structure and increase the investment in technology research and development.