Abstract: Aiming to understand the emission characteristics of VOCs from anthropogenic sources in Henan Province, and to identify key VOCs species and their emission sources for the purpose of O₃ pollution control, a county-level anthropogenic speciated VOCs emission inventory was established for 2019 by emission factor methods. Furthermore, the ozone formation potentials (OFP) of VOCs were estimated by Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR), and the key species and emission sources were identified based on OFPs. Results showed that: ①Total anthropogenic VOCs emissions in Henan Province in 2019 were 175.62 × 104 t, of which industrial sources, mobile sources, biomass combustion sources, solvent utilization sources, and fossil fuel combustion sources contributed 28.6%, 25.2%, 20.8%, 19.1%, and 6.3% to the total VOCs emissions, respectively. ②The spatial distribution shows that the emissions from northern Henan are much higher than those from southern Henan, and the spatial distribution of municipal emissions is characterized by "one high and three low", with the highest emissions being from Zhengzhou city with 27.6×104 t, and the lowest emissions from Luohe, Sanmenxia and Hebi city with less than 5.0×104 t. 104 t. ③Aromatic hydrocarbons are the highest emitted chemical component with 47.5×104 t, followed by alkanes (46.3×104 t), OVOCs (40.3×104 t), and alkenes (20.9×104 t), of which 10 species with high emissions such as toluene, ethylene, and benzene account for 42.0% of the total emissions. ④The total OFP of anthropogenic VOCs in Henan Province was 664.0×104 t, with aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes contributing the most to the OFP, each accounting for 32% of the total OFP, followed by OVOCs (28.0%); Ethylene, m/p-xylene, toluene, propylene, and formaldehyde contribute 67.2% to the total OFP, and their mainly originated from biomass combustion, passenger cars, architectural painting, car painting, chemical synthesis, paint manufacturing, construction and agricultural machinery, as these species and emission sources are the key to ozone pollution management in Henan. The spatial distribution of OFP in this study is basically consistent with the spatial distribution of O₃ concentration and PM_2.5-O₃ air compound pollution which is derived from the National Air Quality Monitoring Station.