全氟和多氟烷基类化合物(PFASs)的环境转化研究与分类管控
Environmental Transformation and Classified Management of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
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摘要: 全氟和多氟烷基类化合物(Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)具有环境持久性、生物累积性和生物毒性(PBT),其暴露所引发的环境与健康风险已在世界范围内引起关注。近期,有学者提议将PFASs作为一类高持久性物质进行全面管控,并淘汰PFASs的所有非必要用途。鉴于PFASs在工业领域的不可获缺性,加快PFASs的淘汰进程势必会对社会和经济产生较大影响。因此,淘汰PFASs需要一个漫长的过渡期。在这期间,亟需开展积极有效的应对措施,最大程度将PFASs暴露对生态环境乃至人体健康产生的潜在危害降到最低。我们认为加强PFASs的降解转化研究是目前较为有效且可行的策略之一,这将有助于理解PFASs的PBT特性,进而推动PFASs的分类管理。我们提出可在“疑似靶向/非靶向高分辨率质谱技术开发”、“PFASs的传递、积累、代谢和消除行为”和“PFASs转化产物与不良健康影响之间关系的系统毒理学网络”等方面开展PFASs的降解转化研究。通过高效筛查识别PFASs的分子转化机制,解析转化产物的PBT性质。进而对PFASs进行合理归类划分,并为制定PFASs及替代品的分类管控决策提供依据。
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关键词:
- 全氟和多氟烷基类化合物 /
- 环境转化 /
- 化学品管控 /
- 非靶向分析 /
- 生物学网络
Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity properties have gained attention worldwide because of their potential environmental risks and adverse health effects. Recently, PFASs were proposed to be managed as a highly persistent class, and all “nonessential” uses of these chemicals should be phased out. In view of their wide application in various fields which involve huge socio-economic impacts, it is a long way to go in reaching consensus on PFASs management. Currently, meaningful actions are needed to minimize the potential exposure risk of PFASs while simultaneously fulfilling their social needs. Transformation studies could help identify transformation products with less persistent properties and low toxicity, which will provide valuable insight into designing safer fluorinated alternatives. For the first time, we propose that strengthening the study on the transformation of PFASs is an important strategy for classifying and managing fluorinated alternatives, and this will provide technical framework and support for fluorinated alternatives regulation for REACH. Proposals for investigating transformation process of PFASs including, firstly, nontargeted and high-resolution mass spectrometry technologies must be continually developed. Secondly, the transmission, accumulation, metabolism, and elimination behaviors of PFASs in different matrices should be of high concern. Lastly, the biological networks elaborating the relationship between PFASs transformation products and adverse health effects should be established.
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