2000-2018年鄂尔多斯市植被覆盖度变化及驱动分析
Change and driving factors of vegetation coverage in Ordos city from 2000 to 2018
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摘要: 摘要:地表植被覆盖与环境演变的关系是当前全球变化生态学重要的研究内容之一。在全球气候变暖和可持续发展的背景下,植被动态及其驱动因素的研究成为世界范围内的研究热点。植被变化是一个复杂而漫长的过程,受气候变化、土地利用、生态工程、城市化等多种因素的影响。该研究利用遥感数据、气象数据、土地利用数据,采用基于变异系数的人为影响模型,分析鄂尔多斯市2000-2018年植被覆盖度的时空变化,探究气候与人类活动对植被变化以及生态环境的影响,识别人类活动影响区域,区分正向、负向影响。研究发现:①2000-2018 年鄂尔多斯市植被覆盖度均值呈现波动性上升趋势,从0.23上升到0.35,总体呈现由低、中覆盖向中高、高覆盖转化的趋势。②2000-2018年植被NDVI 变异系数在0.005-4.36之间,植被稳定性较弱,变异系数高值区植被覆盖度变化波动强烈,而这些区域与气候因素的相关性均未达到显著性水平。③人为变异系数在-0.25-1.5之间,从整体上来看,研究区西部受人类干扰程度较大,东部受人类干扰程度较小。④人类活动的正向影响区域主要集中在研究区东部,占国土面积的54.00%,与近年来开展的生态修复治理工作密不可分。⑤人类活动的负向影响区域主要分布在库布齐沙漠、鄂托克旗西北部等区域,该区域是采矿场增加区域之一,很大程度上受到矿产开发的影响,且该区域处于防风固沙屏障区和生物多样性优先区,生态系统服务功能明显,需进一步加强西部区域生物多样性保护以及人类活动管控工作,协调好经济发展与环境保护的关系,促进区域生态环境质量持续改善。研究结果对科学实施生态修复、优化国土空间开发格局和筑牢国家北方生态安全屏障提供科学支撑。Abstract: Abstract: The relationship between vegetation cover and environmental evolution is currently a major research component of global change ecology. In the context of global warming and sustainable development, researches on vegetation dynamic and its driving factors is emerging as a research focus worldwide. Vegetation dynamics is a complex and long process, and it is influenced by many factors such as climatic change, land-use change, ecological engineering, and urbanization in different regions. Taking Ordos City as an example, this study investigated the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2018, explored the impact of climate and human activities on vegetation change and ecological environment, identified areas affected by human activities, and distinguished positive and negative impacts. The remote sensing data, meteorological data, land use data, and mining data were analyzed by using the linear regression model, correlation analysis, and human impact model based on coefficient of variation. It was found that: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the mean of NDVI showed an upward trend of fluctuation, rising from 0.23 to 0.35. The vegetation coverage of the whole city showed a trend of transformation from low and medium coverage to medium and high coverage. (2) The variation coefficient of NDVI of vegetation from 2000 to 2018 ranged from 0.005 to 4.36, indicating the vegetation stability was weak. The regions with high coefficients of variation showed the most intense fluctuation of vegetation change, while none of the correlations between NDVI values and climatic factors (precipitation and evapotranspiration) reached the significant level. (3) The anthropogenic coefficient of variation ranged from -0.25 to 1.50, with the western part of the study area being strongly disturbed by human activities, while the eastern part was relatively less disturbed by human activities. (4) The positive impacts area of human activities are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the study area, accounting for 54.00% of the total land area, which is closely related to ecological restoration and management in recent years.(5) The negative impact area of human activities is mainly distributed in the Kubuqi Desert and the northwest Otoki Banner, which is one of the areas with increasing mining and is largely affected by mineral development. The areas with a greater degree of negative disturbance from human activities are located in the windproof sand barrier area and the priority area of biodiversity, which have important ecological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the conservation of biodiversity and the regulation of human activities in the western region, as well as to coordinate the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, and further contribute to the consistent improvement of regional ecological quality. The research results provided scientific support for implementing ecological restoration, optimizing the spatial development pattern of national territory and strengthening the ecological security barrier in northern China.
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Key words:
- Vegetation coverage /
- Spatiotemporal change /
- Climate change /
- Human activities /
- Ordos city
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