Abstract: As the main energy supply and production base in China, the northwest region not only provides and transports a large amount of resources to the country, but also has important practical significance in the management of its ecological environment and air pollution. Therefore, this article takes the northwest region as the research object to explore the spatiotemporal evolution pattern and related influencing factors of its industrial air pollutant emissions, Intended to provide scientific and reasonable policy insights for regional atmospheric environment governance and government joint prevention and control. The study selected the annual data of industrial SO2, industrial NOx, and industrial smoke and dust from 35 cities in the northwest region from 2016 to 2020 as the main data source. The spatial distribution pattern and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of industrial air pollutant emissions in the northwest region were analyzed using global autocorrelation analysis (Moran's I index) and local correlation analysis (Getis Ord Gi *) methods; And introduce the LMDI model (logarithmic mean Division index) to decompose and analyze the influencing factors of industrial air pollution emissions in major urban agglomerations in the northwest region, in order to explore their key driving factors. The results show that: The overall emission of industrial air pollutants in the northwest region is decreasing, and due to the transition from high emission cities to medium to high and medium emission cities, and the transition from medium to high emission cities to medium to low emission cities, the number of medium to low emission cities and low emission cities continues to increase; The spatial correlation of industrial air pollutants in the northwest region has increased over time, and there is a certain spatial spillover effect in both cold and hot areas of industrial air pollutants, showing a clear spatial differentiation pattern of "hot north and cold south"; The technological improvement effect has a significant inhibitory effect on industrial air pollution emissions in the northwest region, and the main factor is the economic development effect which promoting industrial pollution emissions in the region. Although the industrial structure effect affects the emission reduction of some cities, its emission reduction effect is not significant, and the population scale effect has a relatively small impact on air pollution emissions in the northwest region.