Volume 36 Issue 5
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ZHANG Xiaodan, SUN Lumin, XUE Kaining, ZOU You, GONG Zhenbin, YUAN Dongxing. Addition and Removal of Mercury in Jiulong River Estuary during Mixing of Seawater and Freshwater[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2023, 36(5): 922-931. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.17
Citation: ZHANG Xiaodan, SUN Lumin, XUE Kaining, ZOU You, GONG Zhenbin, YUAN Dongxing. Addition and Removal of Mercury in Jiulong River Estuary during Mixing of Seawater and Freshwater[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2023, 36(5): 922-931. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.17
shu

Addition and Removal of Mercury in Jiulong River Estuary during Mixing of Seawater and Freshwater

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.17
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Education Department of Fujian, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363105, China

Funds:  National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41406120); Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (No.2019J01035)
  • Received Date: 2022-08-25
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-11-10
    Abstract
  • Estuaries play an essential role in the exchange of energy and materials at the sea-land interface. Studying the migration characteristics of mercury (Hg) and related influencing factors is of great significance for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of Hg. This study assessed total Hg (THg) concentration and Hg isotope compositions in sediment porewater of the Jiulong River Estuary (JRE). Combined with data from relevant published studies published by author′s research group, the relationship between THg concentration, Hg isotopic composition, and surface water salinity in different seasons (wet and dry seasons), different tidal levels, and with or without precipitation events were compared to determine the factors and mechanisms affecting the addition/removal patterns of Hg in surface water. The results showed that: (1) The average porewater THg concentration ((38.28±28.80) ng/L, n=28) was significantly higher than that in surface water ((8.53±6.85) ng/L, n=35) (P<0.01); Porewater THg concentration was not significantly affected by seasons and runoff. On the other hand, the average δ202Hg value of porewater (−1.24‰±0.36‰, n=28) was between that of surface water (−0.32‰±0.38‰, n=29) and sediment (−1.99‰±0.69‰, n=18), while the average Δ199Hg value (−0.13‰±0.03‰, n=28) of porewater was lower than that of surface water (−0.04‰±0.10‰, n=29) and sediment (−0.04‰±0.16‰, n=18), indicating that the bidirectional Hg transfer between porewater and sediment was related to the adsorption and abiotic dark oxidation processes. (2) Hg in the surface water of JRE was mainly removed during the dry season, acting as a Hg sink, while during the wet season, the river estuary was the source of Hg. In addition, significant increases in Hg addition in the surface water were observed when freshwater and seawater converged in the shallow channel. Regardless of the addition/removal pattern of Hg, the δ202Hg and Δ199Hg values increased among almost all samples. The Hg migration at the converge interface of freshwater and seawater was affected by several factors, such as runoff, tide level, channel characteristics, and precipitation events. (3) The variation characteristics of THg concentration and Hg isotopic composition with salinity in surface water during the precipitation period were different from those in the non-precipitation period, indicating the effects of precipitation events on the Hg behavior in surface water during the dry season. It is concluded that Hg migration at the converge interface of freshwater and seawater was affected by several factors, such as runoff, tide level, channel characteristics, and precipitation events. In addition, the river estuary was both source and sink of Hg.

     

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