济南市和青岛市2014~2021年臭氧浓度变化特征及其气象影响因素
Characteristics of Ozone and its Relationship with Meteorological Factors during 2014-2021 in Jinan and Qingdao, China
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摘要: 为研究济南市和青岛市臭氧(O3)浓度长期变化特征及其气象影响因素,基于2014—2021年近地面O3连续8年观测资料和同期气象资料,揭示O3浓度长期变化特征,分析O3浓度与气象因子关系,阐明O3主要输送路径和潜在源区. 结果表明:①整体上,济南市O3污染程度高于青岛市,2个城市O3污染均集中在4—10月. 长期趋势上,2014—2021年济南市O3日最大8 h平均浓度第90百分位数(简称“O3-8 h 90th浓度”)总体呈先升后降的趋势,峰值出现在2019年;青岛市2019年和2017年O3-8 h 90th浓度相对较高,其他年份O3-8 h 90th浓度差异不大. 月变化上,济南市O3-8 h 90th浓度季节性变化较明显,呈单峰状;而青岛市受雨季和清洁海洋气流稀释作用,其O3-8 h 90th浓度呈双峰状. ②高温、低湿、小风等不利气象条件下更容易发生O3污染. 相对于青岛市,济南市O3日最大8 h平均浓度(简称“O3-8 h浓度”)与气象因子的相关性更密切,尤其是与日间(08:00—17:00)平均气温(简称“T8-17”)的相关性最强,T8-17>15 ℃时,T8-17每升高1 ℃,O3-8 h浓度升高6.1 μg/m3;青岛市O3-8 h浓度随T8-17的升高总体呈波动式升高趋势,但升幅有限,T8-17每升高1 ℃,O3-8 h浓度仅升高1.5 μg/m3. ③济南市受来自西南、南偏东南方向的气流影响时,O3浓度平均值较高,分别为(113±51)(109±57)μg/m3;青岛市受来自内陆方向的西南气流影响时,O3浓度较高,平均值为(106±45)μg/m3. 2个城市O3外来主要潜在源区具有一定同源性,主要为苏皖鲁豫交界中东部和鲁中地区. 研究显示,2个城市O3污染以本地污染为主,污染联防联控区域需要重点关注苏皖鲁豫交界中东部及鲁中地区.Abstract: Based on surface ozone (O3) mass concentrations and meteorological data in Jinan and Qingdao during 2014 to 2021, the variation characteristics of daily maximum 8-hour moving averages of ozone concentrations (O3-8h concentrations) and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied. Backward trajectories were also combined with O3 concentrations for trajectories clustering and potential source regions of O3 analysis. The results showed that level of O3 pollution in Jinan was generally higher than that in Qingdao. The O3 pollution episodes were observed from April to October. The annual trend of 90th percentile of O3-8h concentrations (O3-8h 90th concentrations ) in Jinan generally showed an upward trend and then a downward trend from 2014 to 2021. Moreover, the peak value of annual O3-8h 90th concentrations in Jinan was observed in 2019. The annual O3-8h 90th concentrations of Qingdao in 2019 and 2017 showed a little higher than those in other years. The annual O3-8h 90th concentrations of Qingdao in the other years showed little difference. The monthly variations of O3-8h 90th concentrations in Jinan were more significant, with a unimodal distribution. However, the monthly variations of O3-8h 90th concentrations in Qingdao had a bimodal distribution, due to the influence of summer rainy season and clean maritime air mass dilution. The high O3 concentrations were more easily caused by unfavorable weather conditions, such as high temperature, low relative humidity and light wind. Compared with that in Qingdao, O3-8h concentrations in Jinan had a closer correlation with meteorological factors, especially with mean air temperature from 8:00 to 17:00 (T8-17). When T8-17 was greater than 15 ℃, for every 1 ℃ increase in T8-17, O3-8h concentrations in Jinan was increased by 6.1 μg/m3. O3-8h concentrations in Qingdao was fluctuated increased with the increase of T8-17. However, for every 1 ℃ increase in T8-17, O3-8h concentrations in Qingdao was only increased by 1.5 μg/m3. The O3 concentrations in Jinan were much higher, with mean of (113±51) and (109±57) μg/m3, respectively, when the airflow came from southwesterly and south-southeasterly areas, which was the central and eastern junction of Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region. The O3 concentration in Qingdao was (106±45) μg/m3, together with the southwesterly airflow beginning at the inland regions. The main potential source regions of O3 in Jinan and Qingdao shared a same region, mainly located at the central and eastern of junction Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region and the central Shandong region. Based on all the above research results, the O3 pollution in Jinan and Qingdao were mainly driven by local emission. The regions of coordinated inter-regional O3 prevention and control for Jinan and Qingdao should focus on the central and eastern of junction Jiangsu-Anhui-Shandong-Henan region and the central Shandong region.
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Key words:
- Jinan /
- Qingdao /
- ozone (O3) /
- long-term trend /
- meteorological factor /
- potential source area
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