工业型城市人为源VOCs排放特征及典型行业控制对策
Characteristics of anthropogenic VOCs emission in an industrial city and control measures for typical industries
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摘要: 近年来以 PM2.5及臭氧(O3)为特征污染物的大气复合污染问题频发,已有研究结果表明,VOCs主导了大部分城市地区 O3产生的主要化学反应过程,同时也是二次有机气溶胶的重要前体物之一。VOCs的防治要依赖于对排放来源及排放特征的准确认识,进而做到精准减排。该研究以聊城市为例,分析人为源VOCs排放特征及典型行业控制对策。运用排放因子法进行计算,结合调查的活动水平数据,构建了2020年聊城市人为源VOCs的排放清单,包括溶剂使用源、工艺过程源、移动源、化石燃料固定燃烧源、生物质燃烧源、储存运输源、废弃物处理源及餐饮油烟源等。结果表明: 2020年聊城市VOCs排放总量为28434.5 t,溶剂使用源排放量最大,为10551.5 t,占总VOCs排放量的37.1%;其次为工艺过程源(6504.9 t)和移动源(6311.1 t),分别占VOCs排放总量的22.9%和22.2%。从空间分布来看,茌平区及东昌府区VOCs排放总量均较大,分别是6800.1 t及6333.4 t。从典型行业来看,机动车(5748.4 t)、木材生产及胶粘剂使用(4586.7 t)、橡胶和塑料制品业(2849.2 t)等VOCs排放量较大,且排放的特征组分中多为芳香烃及含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs),还有部分烯烃和烷烃,对大气中O3及二次有机气溶胶的生成影响较为显著。通过对相关行业企业进行分析,发现在原辅材料替代和末端处理设施升级两方面具有较大的减排潜力。整体来看,聊城市VOCs排放重点关注区域为茌平区、东昌府区及其他区县工业园区,重点关注行业为机动车、木材生产及胶粘剂使用、橡胶和塑料制品业等,应尽快推进相关行业低挥发性溶剂及高效末端处理设施的替代升级。
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关键词:
- PM2.5 /
- 臭氧(O3) /
- 挥发性有机物(VOCs) /
- 排放特征 /
- 减排潜力
Abstract: In recent years, the atmospheric composite pollution problem characterized by PM2.5 and ozone (O3) occurs frequently. Existing research results show that VOCs dominate the main chemical reaction process of O3 production in most urban areas, and they are also one of the important precursors of secondary organic aerosols. The prevention and control of VOCs depends on the accurate understanding of emission sources and emission characteristics, so as to achieve accurate emission reduction. This study takes Liaocheng City as an example to analyze the characteristics of anthropogenic VOCs emissions and typical industry control measures. The emission factor method for calculation, combined with the activity level data of the survey, and builds the emission list of human-derived VOCs in Liaocheng City in 2020, including solvent used source, industry processing source, vehicle of mobile source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source, biomass buruing source, storage and transportation source, waste disposal source and cooking oil fumes. The results show that the total VOCs emission in Liaocheng City in 2020 is 28434.5 t, and the solvent source emission is the largest, which is 10551.5 t, accounting for 37.1% of the total VOCs emission. Followed by industry processing source (6504.9T) and vehicle of mobile source (6311.1 T), accounting for 22.9% and 22.2% of the total VOCs emissions, respectively. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the total VOCs emissions in Chiping district and Dongchangfu District were larger, which were 6800.1 t and 6333.4 T, respectively. From the point of view of typical industries, motor vehicles (5748.4T), wood production and adhesive use (4586.7T), rubber and plastic products industry (2849.2T) and other VOCs emissions are large, and the characteristic components of emissions are mostly aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenic volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), and some alkenes and alkanes. It has a significant influence on the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. Through the analysis of enterprises in related industries, it is found that there is a great potential for emission reduction in the replacement of raw and auxiliary materials and the upgrade of terminal treatment facilities. Liaocheng city as a whole, VOCs emissions focus on areas for chiping area, dongchangfu and other county industrial park, focus on the industry for motor vehicles, timber production and adhesives, rubber and plastic products, etc., should promote the related industry as soon as possible low volatile solvent and efficient processing facilities at the end of the alternative to upgrade.
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