基于InVEST模型的官厅水库流域产水和水质净化服务时空变化

吴瑞; 刘桂环; 文一惠

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.73

基于InVEST模型的官厅水库流域产水和水质净化服务时空变化

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.73

吴瑞^{1, 2,},
刘桂环^2, ,,
文一惠²

1.
北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
2.
环境保护部环境规划院, 北京 100012

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51379084

详细信息

作者简介:
吴瑞(1992-), 男, 安徽怀宁人, wurui@bjfu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘桂环(1976-), 女, 吉林松原人, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事生态经济、环境经济政策研究, liugh@caep.org.cn

中图分类号: X826
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-06-27
- 修回日期: 2016-12-26
- 刊出日期: 2017-03-25

Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Yield and Water Quality Purification Service Functions in Guanting Reservoir Basin based on InVEST Model

WU Rui^{1, 2
,},
LIU Guihuan^{2
, ,},
WEN Yihui²

1.
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Chinese Academy for Environment Planning, Beijing 100012, China

Funds:

51379084

摘要

摘要: 官厅水库是北京市及其周边地区重要的水源地之一，曾因水质污染严重而被迫退出北京市饮用水供应系统，经过全面治理后于2007年恢复成为北京市备用水源地.为了从整体上定量分析官厅水库流域生态系统的产水和水质净化服务，基于InVEST模型，选择官厅水库退出北京市饮用水供应系统和恢复成为北京市备用水源地为时间节点，定量评估1995-2010年官厅水库流域生态系统的产水量和TN、TP输出量，分析其产水服务和水质净化服务的时空变化.结果表明：1995-2010年，官厅水库流域产水服务表现为先减弱后增强，但整体呈减弱趋势，流域产水量由1995年的18.85×10⁸ m³降至2010年的14.33×10⁸ m³，产水服务减弱24.0%.水质净化服务表现为先减弱后增强，但整体呈增强趋势，流域的TN、TP输出量分别由1995年的4028.7、379.7 t降至2010年的3611.4和354.0 t，TN、TP净化服务分别增强10.4%和6.8%.研究显示，气候变化和土地利用变化是导致官厅水库流域产水服务发生改变的主要原因，不同时期的水资源保护政策导向也与水质净化服务变化趋势相吻合.
- 官厅水库流域 /
- InVEST模型 /
- 时空变化 /
- 水质净化 /
- 产水量
Abstract: Guanting Reservoir(GR) is one of the most important water sources in both Beijing and its neighboring regions.Because of water pollution, it was once withdrawn from the local drinking water supply system.After thorough treatment, GR has been a spare water source since 2007.In order to do a quantitative, overall analysis of the services of both water yield and water purification in GR basin, two time points were selected:when GR was withdrawn from the local drinking water supply system and when it became the spare water source.The quantities of water yield, total nitrogen and total phosphorus outputs were evaluated during 1995 to 2010 based on the InVEST model.Besides, the spatiotemporal variations of the water yield service and water quality purification service in GR basin were analyzed.The results showed that the water yield service in GR basin from 1995 to 2010 was weakened at first and then increased, but overall it was weakened.Water yield capacity in the basin decreased from 18.85×10⁸ m³ in 1995 to 14.33×10⁸ m³ in 2010(a decrease of 24.0%).Water quality purification service was weakened at first and then enhanced, and overall it was enhanced.The total nitrogen output decreased from 4028.7 t (in 1995) to 3611.4 t(in 2010) while the total phosphorus decreased from 379.7 t(in 1995) to 354.0 t (in 2010).Nitrogen and phosphorus purification services were enhanced by 10.4% and 6.8%, respectively.The changes to the climate and land use were the main factors which led to the changes of water yield service in GR basin.In addition, water resource protection-oriented policies in different periods have matched the variation trend of water quality purification service.
- Guanting Reservoir Basin /
- InVEST model /
- spatiotempo-ral variations /
- water quality purification /
- water yield

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图 1 研究区地理位置

Figure 1. Location map of the study area

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图 2 1995年、2000年和2010年官厅水库流域单位面积产水量

Figure 2. Water yield per unit area of Guanting Reservoir Basin in 1995, 2000 and 2010 respectively

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图 3 1995—2010年官厅水库流域产水服务的变化

Figure 3. Changes of water yield service in Guanting Reservoir Basin during 1995-2010

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图 4 不同情景下产水量变化

Figure 4. The changes of water resource supply under different scenarios

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图 5 1995—2000年降水量和气温变化

Figure 5. The changes of precipitation and temperature during 1995-2010

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图 6 1995年、2000年、2010年官厅水库流域单位面积TN、TP输出量

Figure 6. TN and TP outputs of Guanting Reservoir Basin in 1995, 2000 and 2010 respectively

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表 1 氮磷输出相关参数

Table 1. Output parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus

土地利用/ 覆被类型	TN负荷/ [kg/(hm²·a)]	TP负荷/ [kg/(hm²·a)]	TN、TP共同截留效率
阔叶林	2.38	0.15	0.84
针叶林	4.38	0.35	0.78
针阔混交林	3.38	0.25	0.81
灌木林	4.85	0.43	0.65
灌草丛	5.56	0.51	0.53
草地	6.26	0.68	0.48
水域	0	0	0
农田	22.80	1.25	0.40
旱地	20.20	2.06	0.27
园地	9.01	1.31	0.35
城镇	5.51	0.25	0.01
农村	17.35	0.97	0.01
交通用地	1.80	0.13	0.01
裸地	0.001	0.001	0.05

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表 2 流域内主要辖区产水量及单位面积产水量

Table 2. Water yield capacity and water yield per unit area of the main districts in the basin

区域	产水量/10⁸ m³			单位面积产水量/[m³/(hm²·a)]
区域	1995年	2000年	2010年	1995年	2000年	2010年
北京地区	11.68	4.92	8.77	660.32	281.53	497.55
张家口地区	7.17	2.67	5.56	404.53	158.21	322.56
官厅水库流域	18.85	7.59	14.33	550.17	203.54	408.37

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表 3 TN、TP输出量变化面积占比

Table 3. The changes in the area percentage of TN and TP outputs

变化趋势	TN输出量变化面积占比/%		TP输出量变化面积占比/%
变化趋势	1995—2000年	2000—2010年	1995—2000年	2000—2010年
减少	9.0	7.1	4.6	3.0
不变	81.5	86.9	90.3	95.2
增加	9.5	6.0	5.1	1.8

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表 4 流域内主要辖区TN、TP输出量

Table 4. The outputs amounts for TN and TP in the main district of the basin

区域	TN输出量/t			TP输出量/t
区域	1995年	2000年	2010年	1995年	2000年	2010年
北京地区	1 945.6	1 960.4	1 591.1	187.3	198.2	154.2
张家口地区	2 083.1	2 177.5	2 020.3	192.4	203.6	199.8
官厅水库流域	4 028.7	4 137.9	3 611.4	379.7	401.8	354.0

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