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2013—2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化

李沈鑫 邹滨 刘兴权 方新

李沈鑫, 邹滨, 刘兴权, 方新. 2013—2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(5): 678-687. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.93
引用本文: 李沈鑫, 邹滨, 刘兴权, 方新. 2013—2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(5): 678-687. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.93
LI Shenxin, ZOU Bin, LIU Xingquan, FANG Xin. Pollution Status and Spatial-Temporal Variations of PM2.5 in China during 2013-2015[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(5): 678-687. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.93
Citation: LI Shenxin, ZOU Bin, LIU Xingquan, FANG Xin. Pollution Status and Spatial-Temporal Variations of PM2.5 in China during 2013-2015[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(5): 678-687. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.93

2013—2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.93
基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC0206205

国家自然科学基金项目 41201384

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李沈鑫(1991-), 女, 重庆潼南人, shenxin823@163.com

    通讯作者:

    邹滨(1981-), 男, 湖南常德人, 副教授, 博士, 博导, 主要从事大气环境GIS建模与风险评估研究, 210010@csu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: X51

Pollution Status and Spatial-Temporal Variations of PM2.5 in China during 2013-2015

Funds: 

 2016YFC0206205

 41201384

  • 摘要: 自2013年我国首次开展全国范围PM2.5近地面监测以来,少有研究从全国空间尺度分析近3年全国PM2.5污染状况时空变化的总体特征,识别PM2.5污染加剧或缓解的空间范围,更缺乏直接对比评估国家大气污染重点防控区内外PM2.5污染特征变化的差异.基于2013—2015年PM2.5监测数据,综合运用时空统计分析与空间插值制图手段,揭示近3年ρ(PM2.5)及不同等级污染天数的时空变化格局,并着重对比分析“三区十群”区域内外ρ(PM2.5)的变化差异.结果表明,2013—2015年,全国持续监测的413个站点中有335个监测站点ρ(PM2.5)年均值下降,其中218个站点实现连续两年年均浓度降低,74个站点ρ(PM2.5)年均值降至符合国家二级标准;全国大部分地区ρ(PM2.5)年超标率由50%以上降至30%以下,重度污染站点占比由88.38%降至73.77%,严重污染站点占比由65.86%降至36.35%;长三角城市群、长株潭城市群、武汉及周边城市群、陕西关中城市群PM2.5污染呈现明显好转趋势;西藏、云贵高原以及海峡西岸城市群、珠三角城市群等沿海地区ρ(PM2.5)一直较低,空气质量相对优良;但与此同时,京津冀城市群、山东半岛城市群及河南中部和北部地区仍是中国PM2.5重污染区域,新疆西南部、合肥、南昌等地区逐渐形成新的PM2.5重污染格局.

     

  • 图  1  中国空气质量监测站点和大气污染重点防控区

    注:底图 1:400万数据来源于国家基础地理信息中心,直接从网站(http://sms.webmap.cn/xq.asp?dbid=66) 下载.审图号:GS(2013)394.下同.

    Figure  1.  Air quality monitoring sites and 'Key Region' for air pollution prevention and control in China

    图  2  2013—2015年中国空气质量监测站点ρ(PM2.5)年均值统计直方图

    Figure  2.  Statistic histogram of annual PM2.5 concentrations at air quality monitoring sites in China from year 2013 to 2015

    图  3  2013—2015年中国ρ(PM2.5)年均值空间分布及其变化

    Figure  3.  Spatial distributions and associated variations of annual PM2.5 concentrations of China during year 2013 to 2015

    图  4  2013—2015年ρ(PM2.5)超标率站点数统计箱图

    Figure  4.  Box-plots of the number of sites over standard of daily PM2.5 concentrations during year 2013 to 2015

    图  5  2013—2015年ρ(PM2.5)日均值超标情况

    Figure  5.  Statistic proportions of days over standard of daily PM2.5 concentrations during 2013 to 2015

    图  6  2013—2015年不同等级PM2.5污染天数空间分布

    Figure  6.  Spatial distributions of PM2.5 pollution days at different grades during 2013-2015

    表  1  不同等级PM2.5污染天数站点统计结果

    Table  1.   Statistic proportions of sites with PM2.5 pollution days at different grades

    污染天数/d轻度污染站点占比/%中度污染站点占比/%重度污染站点数占比/%严重污染站点占比/%
    2013年2014年2015年2013年2014年2015年2013年2014年2015年2013年2014年2015年
    00.000.353.393.876.7313.1511.6212.9926.0334.1444.2763.65
    1~102.426.6111.8115.9826.9231.0523.9740.1435.4346.7348.6430.55
    11~204.847.4410.2528.5728.5731.3320.1023.7322.1411.144.965.09
    21~303.6311.8112.2323.4920.5414.4316.7113.588.984.840.940.50
    31~4010.1714.6412.8716.9512.755.8014.045.315.732.181.180.21
    41~5016.4614.1714.007.994.012.767.751.771.410.73
    51~6014.5314.2913.012.660.471.203.391.530.280.24
    61~7015.9813.938.270.480.211.450.83
    71~8012.599.564.810.070.730.12
    81~908.964.133.540.24
    91~1005.571.892.26
    100以上4.841.183.54
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同等级PM2.5污染持续天数站点统计表

    Table  2.   Statistic proportions of sites with PM2.5 pollution days lasted at different grades

    污染持续天数/d中度污染站点占比/%重度污染站点占比/%严重污染站点比/%
    2013年2014年2015年2013年2014年2015年2013年2014年2015年
    290.5688.5578.1577.7275.3268.7452.5434.0023.34
    355.6940.0239.3263.2043.4542.6434.6214.7614.29
    421.3111.9217.8235.3515.7020.9322.035.317.57
    59.442.837.3618.406.386.8614.290.942.69
    63.150.942.765.812.362.627.260.351.13
    71.210.350.712.180.831.914.600.120.57
    下载: 导出CSV
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    LI Li, AN Jingyu, LU Qing.Modeling assessment of PM2.5 concentrations under implementation of clean air action plan in the Yangtze River Delta region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 28(11):1653-1661. http://www.hjkxyj.org.cn/hjkxyj/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20151101&flag=1
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  • 收稿日期:  2016-07-07
  • 修回日期:  2016-12-28
  • 刊出日期:  2017-05-25

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