城市主要大气污染物时空分布特征及其相关性

黄晓虎; 韩秀秀; 李帅东; 杨浩; 黄昌春; 黄涛

doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.02.46

城市主要大气污染物时空分布特征及其相关性

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.02.46

黄晓虎^{1, 2, 3,},
韩秀秀³,
李帅东³,
杨浩³,
黄昌春^{1, 2, 3},
黄涛^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210023
2.
江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室, 江苏南京 210023
3.
南京师范大学地理科学学院, 江苏南京 210023

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973） 2014CB953802

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 41503075

江苏省高校自然科学基金面上项目 16KJD170001

详细信息

作者简介:
黄晓虎(1992-), 男, 湖北襄阳人, 820725391@qq.com

通讯作者:
黄涛(1986-), 男, 湖南南县人, 讲师, 博士, 主要从事气态活性氮排放及其环境效应研究, huangtao198698@126.com

中图分类号: X51
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- 文章访问数: 2032
- HTML全文浏览量: 148
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-07-13
- 修回日期: 2017-04-26
- 刊出日期: 2017-07-25

Spatial and Temporal Variations and Relationships of Major Air Pollutants in Chinese Cities

HUANG Xiaohu^{1, 2, 3
,},
HAN Xiuxiu³,
LI Shuaidong³,
YANG Hao³,
HUANG Changchun^{1, 2, 3},
HUANG Tao^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
2.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
3.
College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Funds:

2014CB953802

41503075

16KJD170001

摘要

摘要: 为制订合理的大气污染物减排措施，利用中国环境监测总站公布的2015年1-12月299座城市实时发布的环境空气颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM₁₀）及气态污染物（CO、NO₂和SO₂）的质量浓度数据，对其进行了时空分布特征及其相关性研究.结果表明:① 2015年城市环境空气颗粒物污染严重，299座城市的ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（PM₁₀）年均值分别主要集中在25~60和40~110 μg/m³，年均值达到GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准的城市所占比例分别仅为24%和38%.② 城市大气污染物浓度具有明显的季节性特征，基本呈冬季>春秋季>夏季的趋势，其中冬季ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（CO）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（SO₂）分别为（73±27）（114±42）（1.49±0.61）（36±14）（42±33）μg/m³.③ 高ρ（PM_2.5）和ρ（PM₁₀）主要集中在华北平原，年均值分别为（70±16）（117±22）μg/m³；高ρ（CO）主要出现在山西省，年均值为（1.76±0.48）mg/m³；高ρ（NO₂）主要分布在京津冀、山东省和长江三角洲，年均值分别为（42±6）（39±9）（34±8）μg/m³；高ρ（SO₂）主要分布在山西、山东两省，年均值分别为（54±10）（41±16）μg/m³.④ Pearson相关系数研究表明，我国城市环境空气颗粒物与气态污染物具有较强的复合性，并且具有秋冬季明显强于春夏季的季节性特征.研究显示，我国城市大气污染具有较强的季节性、区域性与复合性，在降低环境空气颗粒物浓度的同时，对气态污染物的削减也不容忽视.
- 环境空气颗粒物 /
- 气态污染物 /
- 时空分布 /
- Pearson相关系数
Abstract: In order to effectively mitigate air pollution, the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric particulate matters (i.e., PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) and gaseous pollutants (i.e., CO, NO₂ and SO₂) concentrations and their correlations in 299 cities in China between January 1 and December 31, 2015, were investigated by using hourly data released by the National Environmental Monitoring Center. The urban atmospheric particulate matter pollution was serious in 2015. The annual mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in 299 cities were mainly distributed between 25-60 μg/m³ and 40-110 μg/m³, respectively, with only 24% and 38% of cities meeting the Grade Ⅱ Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (35 and 70 μg/m³ for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, respectively). There were obvious seasonal characteristics of gaseous pollutants, following the order:winter>spring and autumn>summer. The mean concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂ and SO₂ in winter were (73±27), (114±42), (1.49±0.61), (36±14) and (42±33) μg/m³, respectively. Different gaseous pollutants had their own unique high pollution areas. The most polluted cities for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were mainly located in the North China Plain, where the annual mean concentrations were (70±16) and (117±22) μg/m³, respectively. The most polluted cities for CO were mainly located in Shanxi Province, where the annual mean concentrations were (1.76±0.48) mg/m³. The most polluted cities for NO₂ were mainly located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shandong Province and Yangtze River Delta, where the annual mean concentrations were (42±6) (39±9) and (34±8) μg/m³, respectively. The most polluted cities for SO₂ were mainly located in Shanxi and Shandong provinces, where the annual mean concentrations were (54±10) and (41±16) μg/m³, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation analysis between urban atmospheric particulate matters and gaseous pollutants showed that there was strong complex between them, which was stronger in autumn and winter than spring and summer. Urban air pollution in China has strong seasonal, regional and complex characteristics. Therefore, gaseous pollutants should not be ignored while paying attention to urban particulate matter reduction.
- atmospheric particulate matters /
- gaseous pollutants /
- spatial and temporal distribution /
- Pearson correlation coefficients

HTML全文

图 1 2015年我国299座城市ρ(PM_2.5)、ρ(PM₁₀)年均的值频数分布

Figure 1. The frequency distribution of annual mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in 299 cities of China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2015年我国299座城市大气中ρ(PM_2.5)、ρ(PM₁₀)年均值分布

注：底图源自国家测绘地理信息局(http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/).审图号：GS(2008)1204号.香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区不在该研究范围内.下同.

Figure 2. The distribution of annual mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in 299 cities of China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2015年我国环境空气中ρ(PM_2.5)的季节性分布

ρ(PM_2.5)/(μg/m³)：1—10~20；2—>20~30；3—>30~40；4—>40~50；5—>50~60；6—>60~70；7—>70~80；8—>80~90；9—>90~100；10—>100.

Figure 3. Seasonal distribution of PM_2.5 concentrations in China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2015年我国环境空气中ρ(PM₁₀)的季节性分布

ρ(PM₁₀)/(μg/m³)：1—20~40；2—>40~60；3—>60~80；4—>80~100；5—>100~120；6—>120~140；7—>140~160；8—>160~180；9—>180.

Figure 4. Seasonal distribution of PM₁₀ concentrations in China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2015年我国环境空气中ρ(CO)的季节性分布

ρ(CO)/(mg/m³)：1—0.4~0.7；2—>0.7~1.0；3—>1.0~1.3；4—>1.3~1.6；5—>1.6~1.9；6—>1.9~2.2；7—>2.2~2.5；8—>2.5.

Figure 5. Seasonal distribution of CO concentrations in China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2015年我国环境空气中ρ(NO₂)的季节性分布

ρ(NO₂)/(μg/m³)：1—10~15；2—>15~20；3—>20~25；4—>25~30；5—>30~35；6—>35~40；7—>40~45；8—>45~50；9—>50~55；10—>55.

Figure 6. Seasonal distribution of NO₂ concentrations in China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 2015年我国环境空气中ρ(SO₂)的季节性分布

ρ(SO₂)/(μg/m³)：1—0~10；2—>10~15；3—>15~20；4—>20~25；5—>25~30；6—>30~40；7—>40~50；8—>50~70；9—>70~90；10—>90.

Figure 7. Seasonal distribution of SO₂ concentrations in China in 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 2015年城市环境空气颗粒物与气态污染物的Pearson相关系数分布

相关系数：1—>0.8；2—>0.7~0.8；3—>0.6~0.7；4—>0.5~0.6；5—>0.4~0.5；6—>0.3~0.4；7—0~0.3.

Figure 8. Distribution of the Pearson correlation coefficients between atmospheric particulate matters and gaseous pollutants

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 我国299座城市大气监测站点信息

Table 1. The information of atmospheric monitoring stations in 299 cities of China

省/自治区/直辖市	纳入监测的城市个数	监测站点总个数	研究区面积/10⁴km²
安徽	16	68	13.97
福建	9	37	12.13
甘肃	12	28	45.44
广东	21	102	18.00
广西	14	50	23.60
贵州	6	28	17.60
海南	2	7	3.40
河北	11	53	18.77
河南	16	71	16.70
黑龙江	12	54	45.48
湖北	9	38	18.59
湖南	10	58	21.18
吉林	7	28	18.74
江苏	13	72	10.26
江西	11	60	16.70
辽宁	15	79	14.59
内蒙古	11	42	118.30
宁夏	5	19	6.64
青海	3	6	72.23
山东	17	74	15.38
山西	11	58	15.63
陕西	10	50	20.56
四川	15	69	48.14
西藏	7	18	122.80
新疆	7	22	166.00
云南	14	36	38.33
浙江	11	47	10.20
北京	1	12	1.68
天津	1	15	1.13
上海	1	10	0.63
重庆	1	17	8.23

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同季节下颗粒物质量浓度与气态污染物质量浓度的相关系数

Table 2. Seasonal variation of Pearson correlation coefficients between PMs and gaseous pollutants in China

季节	样本个数	ρ(PM_2.5)			ρ(PM₁₀)
季节	样本个数	ρ(CO)	ρ(NO₂)	ρ(SO₂)	ρ(CO)	ρ(NO₂)	ρ(SO₂)
春	27 348	0.354	0.505	0.420	0.267	0.365	0.406
夏	27 505	0.395	0.416	0.376	0.271	0.362	0.353
秋	27 170	0.555	0.621	0.467	0.543	0.655	0.494
冬	27 312	0.541	0.667	0.416	0.539	0.603	0.473
注：相关系数在0.01水平(双侧)上均显著相关.

下载: 导出CSV

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