Strengthening the Innovation Capability of Groundwater Science and Technology to Support the Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region: Status Quo, Problems and Goals
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摘要: 地下水作为京津冀地区重要的战略水资源和饮用水源，其超采问题和环境质量恶化趋势一直未能得到有效遏制，严重危及该区域饮用水安全与可持续发展.为加快我国生态文明建设，落实《水污染防治行动计划》等国家重点战略，围绕改善京津冀地区地下水环境质量现状目标，分析了京津冀地区地下水环境存在的四点主要问题：①地下水污染严重，缺乏科学的风险管控与污染防治策略；②地下水污染源点多面广，污染监管体系亟待完善；③地下水污染分类治理技术集成创新与工程示范亟待开展；④地下水超采问题突出，迫切需要研发地下水安全回补技术.在此基础上，系统地梳理了京津冀地区已有的地下水环境管理基础，并提出“十三五”期间京津冀地区地下水污染防治的4个研究方向：①开展地下水污染特征识别与系统防治研究，完善京津冀地区地下水污染防治顶层设计；②突破地下水污染精确识别与优化监测技术，提升京津冀地区地下水环境监管能力；③研发技术经济最优的源头阻控与污染修复成套技术，提升污染场地地下水修复治理能力；④开展回补区适宜性与环境风险评估，建立协同高效的安全回补技术体系.研究成果可为提升京津冀地区的地下水环境质量管理水平、保障京津冀地区饮用水安全提供技术与管理支撑.Abstract: As an important strategic water resource and drinking water source in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, groundwater has not been effectively curbed in its over-exploitation problem and environmental quality deterioration, which seriously endangers the sustainable development and the safety of drinking water of the region. In order to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization and implement important national strategies such as the 'Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan', focusing on improving the quality of groundwater environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the four main problems of groundwater environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were analyzed:(1) Groundwater is seriously polluted, and lacks scientific risk management and pollution control strategies; (2) Groundwater pollution sources are wide-ranging, pollution supervision system needs to be improved; (3) Integrated innovation and engineering demonstration of groundwater pollution classification and treatment need to be carried out; (4) The problem of groundwater over-exploitation is serious, and there is an urgent need to develop groundwater safety replenishment technology. The existing groundwater environmental management foundations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region were systematically sorted out, and four research directions and objectives of groundwater pollution prevention and control in the '13th Five-Year Plan' were proposed:(1) Carry out research on groundwater pollution characteristic identification and systematic prevention, and improve the top-level design of groundwater pollution prevention and control; (2) Develop breakthrough technologies for accurate identification and monitoring of groundwater pollution and improve the groundwater environmental monitoring capability in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region; (3) Research and develop source control and pollution repair technologies to improve the groundwater remediation capacity of contaminated sites; (4) Carry out replenishment suitability and environmental risk assessment of the replenishment area, and establish a coordinated and efficient technology system for safe replenishment. The research results can provide technical and management support for improving the groundwater environmental quality management level and ensuring drinking water safety in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.
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图 1 华北平原浅层地下水综合质量评价
注：质量分级依据GB/T 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》.
Figure 1. Comprehensive quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in North China Plain
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