Strategy of Coordinated Control of PM2.5 and Ozone in China
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摘要: 近年来，我国大气污染格局发生了深刻变化，PM2.5与臭氧（O3）成为影响我国城市和区域空气质量的主要空气污染物，二者协同控制已成为我国空气质量改善的焦点和打赢蓝天保卫战的关键.PM2.5与臭氧之间具有复杂的关联性，使得二者的协同控制具有复杂性与艰巨性.分析了PM2.5与臭氧成因的关联性及其相互影响，阐明了PM2.5与臭氧污染协同控制所涉及的重要科学问题，并在此基础上研究了目前我国PM2.5与臭氧的污染形势及二者的关联性，梳理了我国自2013年以来在PM2.5与臭氧污染控制中已采取的重要举措，论述了目前我国PM2.5与臭氧协同控制在科学与管理上所面临的挑战.结合对国外成功经验的分析，提出推进我国PM2.5与臭氧污染协同控制工作的相关建议：①加快监测能力建设，完善管理体系；②强化科技支撑，提高PM2.5与臭氧污染控制精准性；③加快构建VOCs与NOx治理技术体系；④加大VOCs与NOx的协同减排力度，保障减排方案落实到位.Abstract: The pattern of air pollution in China has undergone profound changes in recent years, which is the most apparent in the fact that both PM2.5 and ozone are main atmospheric pollutants affecting air quality in urban and regional areas of China. As a result, the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone has become the focus of improving air quality and the key to winning the battle of the three-year plan on defending the blue sky in China. However, the complicated coupling relationship between PM2.5 and ozone increases the complexity and difficulty of the coordinated control. Therefore, the correlation between the formation mechanisms of PM2.5 and ozone, and their interactions were analyzed, and the important scientific issues involved in the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone were clarified. Based on the above analysis, the pollution situation of PM2.5 and ozone in China and the correlation between them were investigated, the important countermeasures that China had taken in PM2.5 and ozone pollution control since 2013 were reviewed, and the scientific and managerial challenges of the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone in China was discussed. Finally, considering the successful experience of foreign countries in coordinated-controlling of PM2.5 and ozone, some suggestions for pushing the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone in China were put forward. (1) The construction of monitoring capacity should be accelerated, and the comprehensiveness of the management system should be improved; (2) Technology support should be strengthened to improve the accuracy for controlling PM2.5 and ozone pollution; (3) The establishment for the technical system for controlling VOCs and NOx should be accelerated; (4) The coordinated reduction of VOCs and NOx emissions should be amplified to ensure the success in implementing the mitigation countermeasures.
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Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- ozone /
- coupling mechanism /
- coordinated control /
- control strategy
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图 2 2015—2018年338个城市ρ(PM2.5)年均值和ρ(O3)年评价值不同数值区间的城市数量占比
Figure 2. The ratio of the number of cities with different mass concentration ranges of PM2.5 and ozone in 338 cities from 2015 to 2018
图 3 2015年与2018年重点区域ρ(PM2.5)年均值变化情况
注：各城市PM2.5和臭氧监测数据来源于中国环境监测总站的全国城市空气质量实时发布平台(http://106.37.208.233:20035).京津冀及周边地区(“2+26”城市)城市包含北京市，天津市，河北省的石家庄市、唐山市、邯郸市、邢台市、保定市、沧州市、廊坊市、衡水市和雄安新区，山西省的太原市、阳泉市、长治市和晋城市，山东省的济南市、淄博市、济宁市、德州市、聊城市、滨州市和菏泽市，河南省的郑州市、开封市、安阳市、鹤壁市、新乡市、焦作市和濮阳市.珠三角地区城市包含广州市、深圳市、佛山市、东莞市、中山市、惠州市、珠海市、江门市、肇庆市.长三角地区城市包含上海市、江苏省、浙江省和安徽省.汾渭平原包含山西省的晋中市、运城市、临汾市、吕梁市，河南省的洛阳市、三门峡市，陕西省的西安市、铜川市、宝鸡市、咸阳市、渭南市以及杨凌示范区.成渝城市群包括重庆市, 四川省的成都市、自贡市、泸州市、德阳市、绵阳市、遂宁市、内江市、乐山市、南充市、眉山市、宜宾市、广安市、达州市、雅安市、资阳市. 338个城市中的其他城市(略).下同.
Figure 3. The annual variation of PM2.5 mass concentration in key regions between 2015 and 2018
图 4 2015年与2018年重点区域ρ(O3)年评价值变化情况
Figure 4. The annual variation of the 90th of O3-8 h max mass concentration in key regions between 2015 and 2018
图 5 2013—2017年国家环境空气背景站点ρ(O3)年评价值的年际变化
Figure 5. The annual variation of the 90th of O3-8 h max mass concentration at national environmental air quality monitoring background station from 2013 to 2017
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