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厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征

刘佳乐 雷振 崔耀奎 陈荣

刘佳乐, 雷振, 崔耀奎, 陈荣. 厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2023, 36(5): 932-942. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14
引用本文: 刘佳乐, 雷振, 崔耀奎, 陈荣. 厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2023, 36(5): 932-942. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14
LIU Jiale, LEI Zhen, CUI Yaokui, CHEN Rong. Study on Process Characteristics and Microorganism of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2023, 36(5): 932-942. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14
Citation: LIU Jiale, LEI Zhen, CUI Yaokui, CHEN Rong. Study on Process Characteristics and Microorganism of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2023, 36(5): 932-942. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14

厌氧膜生物反应器处理市政污水的产甲烷性能及微生物代谢特征

doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2022.11.14
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.51978560, 52270049);陕西省杰出青年基金项目(No.2022JC-031)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘佳乐(1998-),男,陕西西安人,liujiale@xauat.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    陈荣(1980-),男,江西赣州人,教授,博士,博导,主要从事污水处理与资源化研究,chenrong@xauat.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: X703

Study on Process Characteristics and Microorganism of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978560, 52270049); Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Fund, China (No.2022JC-031)
  • 摘要: 厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)作为一种新型厌氧处理技术,可高效去除污水中的有机物并以CH4的形式回收再利用,降低污水处理能耗与碳排量,助力实现“双碳”目标. 为评估AnMBR处理市政污水时的能源回收潜力,进一步揭示处理系统工艺特性,考察了不同水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time, HRT)下AnMBR处理市政污水的污染物去除及产甲烷性能、微生物代谢产物及微生物群落组成特征. 结果表明:①在室温条件下,HRT从24 h缩短至3.2 h过程中反应器均可实现高效的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除与产甲烷性能,COD去除效率稳定在95%以上,进水77%以上的COD转化为CH4,出水COD浓度低至(21.2±7.8) mg/L. ②反应器中溶解性微生物代谢产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)浓度为70~200 mg/L(以COD计),蛋白质/多糖(含量比,下同)为4.3~5.5,远高于胞外聚合物中的蛋白质/多糖(2.0~4.0),膜污染潜力高. ③微生物群落分析发现,产甲烷古菌与细菌的丰度比与固体停留时间(solid retention time, SRT)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),且不同粒径颗粒中微生物群落组成差异显著,产甲烷古菌在粒径≥10 μm的颗粒中丰度较高,维持混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度(MLVSS)在8.0~11.5 g/L之间、SRT在60~80 d之间可避免功能菌群失衡. 研究显示,AnMBR处理市政污水可实现良好的污染物去除效果与产甲烷性能,但过长的SRT会导致污泥浓度过高、SMP浓度增大以及产甲烷古菌丰度降低,影响反应器高效稳定运行.

     

  • 图  1  AnMBR装置示意

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of the AnMBR

    图  2  AnMBR运行条件及COD去除性能

    注:Ⅰ~Ⅵ分别表示阶段Ⅰ~Ⅵ,下同.

    Figure  2.  AnMBR operating conditions and COD removal efficiency

    图  3  AnMBR出水有机物分子量分布及不同有机物组分占比(依据TOC计算)

    Figure  3.  Molecular weight distribution and proportion (calculated by TOC) of the organics in AnMBR effluent

    图  4  AnMBR产甲烷性能

    注:图中箭头表示该时间更换膜组件.

    Figure  4.  Methanogenesis performance of the AnMBR

    图  5  AnMBR中SMP浓度(以COD计)、主要组分浓度的变化以及SRT与OLR

    Figure  5.  SMP Concentration (calculated by COD), main compositions of SMP, SRT and OLR of sludge in the AnMBR

    图  6  污泥LB-EPS与TB-EPS中蛋白质及多糖含量

    Figure  6.  Protein and polysaccharide contents of LB-EPS and TB-EPS in sludge

    图  7  不同运行时间产甲烷古菌和细菌丰度变化以及SRT对古菌与细菌丰度比的影响

    Figure  7.  Abundance of methane producing archaeaand bacteria at different times and the impact of SRT on the methane producing archaea/bacteria abundance ratio

    图  8  不同粒径污泥中微生物门水平群落组成

    注:样品取自反应器运行400 d时,其他表示丰度<1.0%的门.

    Figure  8.  Microbial community at phylum level in particle with different sizes

    图  9  目水平细菌与科水平古菌群落组成

    注:图中仅列出了任一样品丰度>0.5%的微生物.

    Figure  9.  Bacteria community and order level and archaea at genus level

    表  1  AnMBR运行参数

    Table  1.   Operational parameters of the AnMBR

    HRT/h有机负荷/[kg/(m3·d)]膜片数量/个膜面积/m2膜瞬时通量/[L/(m2·h)]生物气循环流量/(L/min)出水泵运行模式
    24 (阶段Ⅰ)0.510.113.24.51 min开, 5 min关
    12 (阶段Ⅱ)1.010.112.94.51 min开,2 min关
    7.2 (阶段Ⅲ)1.710.117.64.51 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
    5.5 (阶段Ⅳ)2.220.211.79.01 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
    3.6 (阶段Ⅴ)3.320.217.69.01 min 25 s开, 1 min 35 s关
    3.2 (阶段Ⅵ)3.820.219.99.01 min 35 s开, 1 min 25 s关
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同HRT下AnMBR产甲烷化性能与COD平衡分析

    Table  2.   Methane producing performance and COD balance analysis a AnMBR under different HRTs

    HRT/hCH4产率/(mL/g)COD甲烷化效率/%不同去向COD占比/%
    气态CH4溶解性CH4出水污泥增殖其他1)
    7.2280.480.170.96.63.312.56.8
    5.5307.787.978.36.43.76.45.3
    3.6319.491.276.610.24.85.13.2
    注:1)其他代表硫化物等.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-08-15
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