青岛环境空气PM10和PM2.5污染特征与来源比较
Comparative Study on Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in Qingdao
-
摘要: 年分别在青岛设6个和2个采样点采集PM10和PM2.5样品,分析二者质量浓度及颗粒物中多种无机元素、水溶性离子和碳等组分的质量浓度,以研究PM10及PM2.5的污染特征. 采用CMB-iteration模型估算法,确定一次源类及二次源类对PM10和PM2.5的贡献,利用统计学方法比较PM10和PM2.5的污染源. 结果表明:青岛大气颗粒物质量浓度季节变化显著,表现为春、冬季高,夏、秋季低;Na、Mg、Al、Si、Ca和Fe元素主要富集在PM10中,SO42-、NO3-、EC和OC主要富集在PM2.5中;城市扬尘、煤烟尘、建筑水泥尘及海盐粒子等粗粒子在PM10中的分担率较PM2.5中的高,分担率分别为28.7%、17.2%、7.16%及4.47%;二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、机动车尾气尘及SOC(二次有机碳)等在PM2.5中的分担率较PM10中的高,分担率分别为19.3%、8.97%、13.7%及6.07%;由PM10与PM2.5化学组分的分歧系数可见,春、秋季PM10和PM2.5化学构成存在一定差异,而冬、夏季二者的化学构成相似.Abstract: Ambient PM10 samples were collected at six sites and ambient PM2.5 samples were collected at two sites, respectively during the years 2011-2012in Qingdao. The mass concentration, inorganic elements, water solvent ions and carbon species were analyzed to identify the sources of PM10 and PM2.5. Meanwhile, the concentrations and chemical compositions of PM10 and PM2.5 were explored and compared. Source categories were identified and the contributions of primary and secondary sources of PM10 and PM2.5 were determined using a CMB-iteration model, which could directly estimate the SOC concentrations in the ambient receptors without introducing the SOC profile. Simultaneously, statistical methods (enrichment factors and divergence coefficients) were applied to reveal the source characteristics and chemical compositions of particulate materials. The results showed that:the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 significantly changed in different seasons being greatest in spring and winter and lowest in summer and autumn. The enrichment factors of chemical compositions suggested that the elements, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Fe, dominated in PM10, while SO42-, NO3-, EC and OC were rich in PM2.5. The contributions of resuspended dust, coal combustion dust, construction and cement dust and sea salt were higher in PM10 than in PM2.5, with the contributions of 28.7%, 17.2%, 7.16% and 4.47%, respectively; while the contributions of secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, vehicle exhaust and secondary organic carbon were higher in PM2.5 than in PM10, with contributions of 19.3%, 8.97%, 13.7% and 6.07%, respectively. The divergence coefficients of the chemical components of particulate matter were calculated for the samples of different seasons. The results showed that the chemical components were heterogeneous in spring and autumn and homogeneous in summer and winter.
-
Key words:
- PM10 /
- PM2.5 /
- source apportionment /
- CMB-iteration /
- enrichment factor /
- divergence coefficient
-
[1] 严刚,燕丽.“十二五”我国大气颗粒物污染防治对策.环境与可持续发展,2011,6(5):20-23. [2] 李培,王新,柴发合,等.我国城市大气污染控制综合管理对策.环境与可持续发展,2011,6(5):8-14. [3] HUANG Desheng,XU Jianhua,ZHANG Shiqiu.Valuing the health risks of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta,China.Environmental Science & Policy,2012,5(1):38-47. [4] FANG Ming,CHAN C K,YAO Xiaohong.Managing air quality in a rapidly developing nation:China.Atmos Environ,2009,3(1):79-86. [5] 胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析.环境与可持续发展,2011,6(5):15-19. [6] 贺克斌,杨复沫,段凤魁,等.大气颗粒物与区域复合污染.北京:科学出版社,2011:1-8. [7] WANG Hailin,ZHUANG Yahui,WANG Ying,et al.Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM2.5/PM10 in Beijing,China.J Environ Sci,2008,0(11):1323-1327. [8] GU Jinxia,BAI Zhipeng,LI Weifang,et al.Chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin,China.Particuology,2011,9(3):215-221. [9] GAO Y,NELSONB E D,FIELD M P,et al.Characterization of atmospheric trace elements on PM2.5 particulate matter over the New York-New Jersey harbor estuary.Atmos Environ,2002,6(6):1077-1086. [10] 王淑兰,柴发合,周来东,等.成都市大气可吸入颗粒物来源解析研究.地理科学,2006,6(6):717-721. [11] CAO Junji,SHEN Zhenxing,CHOW J C,et al.Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM10 aerosol in Hangzhou,China.Particuology,2009,7(3):161-168. [12] ZHANG Yufen,XU Hong,TIAN Yingze,et al.The study on vertical variability of PM10 and the possible sources on a 220m tower,in Tianjin,China.Atmos Environ,2011,5(34):6133-6140. [13] WANG Jun,HU Zimei,CHEN Yuanyuan,et al.Contamination characteristics and possible sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Shanghai,China.Atmos Environ,2013,8:221-229. [14] 包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市大气PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析.中国环境监测,2010,6(2):44-48. [15] WANG Xinhua,BI Xinhui,SHENG Guoying,et al.Chemical composition and sources of PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols in Guangzhou,China.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,9(1/2/3):425-439. [16] 青岛市环境保护局.青岛市环境质量公报:2006—2010.青岛:青岛市环境保护局,2007-2011. [17] BI Xiaohui,FENG Yinchang,WU Jianhui,et al.Source apportionment of PM10 in six cities of northern China.Atmos Environ,2007,1(5):903-912. [18] HAN Bo,BI Xiaohui,XUE Yonghua,et al.Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi,China.Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China,2011,5(4):552-563. [19] 魏欣,毕晓辉,董海燕,等.天津市夏季灰霾与非灰霾天气下颗粒物污染特征与来源解析.环境科学研究,2012,5(11):1193-1200. [20] PANT P,HARRISON R M.Critical review of receptor modelling for particulate matter:a case study of India.Atmos Environ,2012,9:1-12. [21] AMATO F,VIANA M,RICHARD A,et al.Size and time-resolved roadside enrichment of atmospheric particulate pollutants.Atmos Chem Phys,2011,1:2917-2931. [22] GIANINI M F D,GEHRIG R,FISCHER A,et al.Chemical composition of PM10 in Switzerland:an analysis for 2008/2009and changes since 1998/1999.Atmos Environ,2012,4:97-106. [23] 肖致美,毕晓辉,冯银厂,等.宁波市环境空气中PM10和PM2.5来源解析.环境科学研究,2012,5(5):549-555. [24] SHI Guoliang,TIAN Yingze,ZHANG Yufen,et al.Estimation of the concentrations of primary and secondary organic carbon in ambient particulate matter:application of the CMB-iteration method.Atmos Environ,2011,5(32):5692-5698. [25] SHI Guoliang,TIAN Yingze,HAN Suqin,et al.Vertical characteristics of carbonaceous species and their source contributions in a Chinese mega city.Atmos Environ,2012,0:358-365. [26] MASSOUD R,SHIHADEH A L,ROUMIE M,et al.Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an Eastern Mediterranean city.Atmos Res,2011,1(4):893-901. [27] WONGPHATARAKUL V,FRIEDLANDER S K,PINTO J P.A comparative study of PM2.5 ambient aerosol chemical databases.Environ Sci Technol,1998,2(24):3926-3934. [28] ZHANG Zhiqun,FRIEDLANDER S K.A Comparative study of chemical databases for fine particle chinese aerosols.Environ Sci Technol,2000,4(22):4687-4694. [29] KRUDYSZ M A,FROINES J R,FINEC P M,et al.Intra-community spatial variation of size-fractionated PM mass,OC,EC,and trace elements in the Long Beach,CA area.Atmos Environ,2008,2(21):5374-5389. [30] 姬亚芹.城市空气颗粒物源解析土壤风沙尘成分谱研究.天津:南开大学,2006:90-101.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 5312
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- PDF下载量: 1395
- 被引次数: 0