基于车速-流量模型的动态化道路扬尘清单编制方法与应用
Construction and Application of Dynamic Fugitive Road Dust Emission Inventory Approach Based on Traffic Speed-flow Model
-
摘要: 当前国内外关于道路扬尘排放的计算多采用美国环保总署推荐的AP-42排放因子法,直接计算道路扬尘的年均排放总量,动态化程度不足,难以满足日益增长的精细化管理需求。本研究采用车速-流量模型,构建高时间分辨率的道路车流量获取方法,作为动态化道路扬尘清单编制的关键输入数据。以天津为例,采用自下而上的方法、结合本地化的排放因子、天津市采取的道路扬尘控制措施,借助GIS平台完成高时空分辨率的道路扬尘排放清单编制,为道路扬尘清单的动态化编制提供方法与思路,精细化反映天津道路扬尘排放的时空分布特征。结果表明(1)时间尺度上,受早晚高峰的影响,城市道路在早上8:00-9:00与下午18:00-19:00道路扬尘排放达到最大,在不采取管控措施的情况下,高峰时期主干路每公里的PM2.5排放量可达650g/h以上。(2)空间尺度上,夜间道路扬尘排放的高值区域集中在高速路段;午间低值时段集中在城市道路中支路密集的地区;白天高峰时期,集中在各类型的城市道路;而全年的道路扬尘排放高值区域集中在城外道路。(3)天津市全年道路扬尘PM2.5、PM10、TSP排放量分别为24741、102264、532763吨。道路扬尘排放总量呈现偏远郊区>环城四区>市内六区的规律。城市道路采取了有效的管控措施,明显降低了道路扬尘排放总量。Abstract: At present, the calculation of fugitive road dust emissions mostly adopts the AP-42 emission factor method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Administration at home and abroad. It directly calculates the average annual total emission of fugitive road dust, which is difficult to meet the growing demand of refined management for the degree of dynamics is not enough. This study develops a new approach to acquire high-time-resolution traffic volume information by using traffic speed-flow model and it is the critical input data for the compilation of dynamic fugitive road dust emission inventory. Taking Tianjin as an example, this study adopts the bottom-up method and combines localized emission factors, road dust control measures of Tianjin and GIS platform to compile a high temporal and spatial resolution fugitive road dust emission inventory. It can provide methodology and guide for developing dynamic fugitive road dust emission inventory and finely reflect the time and spatial distribution characteristics of fugitive road dust emissions in Tianjin. The result show that:(1)On the time scale, affected by the morning and evening traffic peaks, the emission of urban fugitive road dust reached the maximum at 8:00-9:00 and 18:00-19:00 and the PM2.5 emissions of per kilometer main trunk during peak time can reach 900g/h without control measures(2)On the spatial scale, the high emission areas of fugitive road dust are concentrated in the highway at night , in areas with dense urban branch roads at noon and in various urban roads at peak time. Annually, the high emission areas are concentrated in roads out of the city (3)The annual PM2.5、PM10、TSP emission of Tianjin are 32643、134924、7032913t. The total fugitive road dust emission of remote suburbs> four districts around the city> six city districts. Urban roads adopt effective control measures which have greatly reduced the total emission of fugitive road dust.
-
Key words:
- fugitive road dust /
- traffic speed-flow model /
- dynamic
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 112
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0