鄂尔多斯市防风固沙功能时空变化及驱动因素分析
Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sand-fixing Service and Its Driving Factors in the Ordos
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯市位于我国北方防沙屏障带南缘,是京津风沙源治理的重点区域,该区域的防风固沙能力对于筑牢北方生态安全屏障和维护环京津地区人居环境安全具有重要意义。本研究基于长时间序列卫星遥感影像以及气象、植被、土壤等数据资料,采用修正的风蚀模型(RWEQ),模拟了2000-2018年鄂尔多斯市防风固沙功能时空变化规律,并从降雨量和土地利用两个方面探讨了防风固沙功能变化的驱动影响。结果表明: (1)2018年,鄂尔多斯防风固沙量为95.07亿t,单位面积防风固沙量为43.94t/ hm2;空间上,防风固沙功能整体上呈现自东向西递减的趋势。(2)2000-2018年间,鄂尔多斯单位面积防风固沙量由16.24 t/ hm2增加到109.5 t/ hm2,平均年增长率26.96%;空间上,防风固沙功能明显提升区域主要位于准格尔旗和乌审旗的东南部,面积占比54.89%;稳定区域位于杭锦旗鄂托克旗、伊金霍洛旗的部分区域,面积占比为29.76%;降低区域位于杭锦旗北部的库布齐沙漠和鄂托克旗西部,面积占比15.33%。(3)鄂尔多斯防风固沙功能与降雨量呈显著相关( P<0.01);沙地改善、退耕还林还草等有利于生态环境质量提高的土地利用方式,对提升区域防风固沙功能具有积极的作用。研究结果可为我国制定北方防沙屏障生态保护修复政策和促进区域可持续发展提供科学参考。Abstract: The Ordos is located in Northern Sand Prevention Belt, it is important in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region. The sand-fixing service is great significance for building ecological security barriers in the north and maintaining the security of human settlements around Beijing-Tianjin. Based on the long time series of remote sensing images and the meteorological, vegetation, soil data, and used the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) model and GIS technology, and simulated the temporal and spatial patterns of Sand-fixing Service from 2000 to 2018, and discussed the different driving forces from the perspective of rainfall and land use change. The results showed that:(1) From 2000 to 2018, the average annual sand-fixing capacity of this region reached 3.853 billion tons in total, or 43.94t/ hm2. In addition, the sand-fixing function showed a gradually decreasing trend from east to west. (2) In 18 years, the average annual sand-fixing function increased 4.26×108 t per year. It was found that the function increased mainly in the southeast Jungar Banner and Uxin Banner, accounting for 54.89% of the total area, while decreasing trend areas mainly distributed in the Kubuzi desert and western Otog Banner, accounting for 15.33% of the total area, and the stability areas mainly distributed in parts of Hanggin Banner, Otog Banner and the Ejin Horo Banner, accounting for 29.76% of the total area. (3) The change of sand-fixing service significantly correlated with rainfall(P<0.01). The land use methods, such as improving desertification and Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland, are beneficial to the improvement of ecological environment quality, which plays an active role in improving sand-fixing function. The results of this study have certain scientific significance for promoting ecological restoration and sustainable development.
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