青海省黄河流域氮时空分布特征及来源解析
Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and source analysis of nitrogen in the Yellow River Basin of Qinghai Province
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摘要: 青海省黄河流域水资源与水环境安全对整个黄河流域和北方地区具有十分重要的战略意义. 为深入了解青海省黄河流域氮污染特征,对不同水期黄河、湟水河、大通河共30个断面的水质进行采样监测,系统分析水体氮形态时空分布特征,并应用 SIAR 同位素模型对主要污染源的污染贡献占比进行定量计算. 结果表明:①该区域水体TN浓度在0.33~13.50 mg/L范围,平均浓度为3.40 mg/L,表现为湟水河>大通河>黄河,NO3--N>TON>NH4+-N>N02--N. ②TN浓度在黄河呈丰水期≈枯水期>平水期,在湟水河呈丰水期>平水期>枯水期,在大通河呈丰水期>平水期≈枯水期,不同水期三条河流的氮形态分布也有所不同,说明不同水期区域氮污染来源可能存在差异. ③SIAR 同位素模型分析结果显示,三条河流水体中6类污染源对N03--N贡献比率大小为:土壤源>凋落物源>工业废水源>雨水污水源>生活污水源和粪肥污水源,丰水期时土壤源和凋落物源对湟水河N03--N污染的平均贡献率有所下降,而工业废水源的贡献明显增加,需重点控制凋落物源、土壤源等面源污染输入及工业废水点源输入.Abstract: The security of water resources and water environment in the Yellow River Basin of Qinghai Province is of great strategic significance to the whole Yellow River Basin and the northern region of China. In order to understand the characteristics of nitrogen pollution in this region, water quality was sampled and monitored for 30 sections of the Yellow River, Huangshui River and Datong River in different water periods. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water nitrogen forms were systematically analyzed. Pollution contribution ratio of main pollution sources was quantitatively calculated by using SIAR isotope model. The results show that: ① the total nitrogen concentration in water of this area ranges from 0.33 to 13.50 mg/L, with an average concentration of 3.40 mg/L, which is manifested as Huangshui River > Datong River > Yellow River, NO3--N>TON>NH4+-N>N02--N. ② The concentration of total nitrogen shows wet period ≈ dry period > normal period in the Yellow River, wet period > normal period > dry period in Huangshui River, and wet period > normal period ≈ dry period in Datong River. The distribution of nitrogen forms in the three rivers were also different in different water periods, indicating that there might be different pollution sources for different water periods. ③ The analysis results of SIAR isotope model show that the contribution ratios of NO3--N of six sources in the three rivers were: soil source > litter source > industrial waste water source > rainwater sewage source > domestic sewage source and manure sewage source. And the average contribution ratios of soil source and litter source of Huangshui River decreased in wet season, while the contribution of industrial waste water source increased. Thus it is necessary to focus on the control of non-point source pollution input such as litter source and soil source, and point source input of industrial wastewater.
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Key words:
- Yellow River Basin /
- Nitrogen form /
- distribution characteristics /
- source /
- SIAR
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