壳聚糖增强疏水性硅气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能研究
Preparation and oil absorption properties of chitosan-enhanced hydrophobic silica aerogel
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摘要: 采用溶胶-凝胶法,常压干燥法,制备了壳聚糖改性二氧化硅气凝胶,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)、电子万能试验机、热重分析仪、静态接触角测量仪等对材料进行表征测试,对比分析引入壳聚糖对纯硅气凝胶结构性能的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖改性后的硅气凝胶是表面具有颗粒状的乳白色块体,添加少量壳聚糖粉末使二 氧化硅球状小颗粒联结更紧密形成连续网络状结构,较二氧化硅气凝胶更加疏松多孔;壳聚糖的加入使得材料结构更加稳定,与二氧化硅气凝胶相比,壳聚糖-硅气凝胶的疏水性、热稳定性均有所改善,抗压性能明显增强,提升了66.2%;材料对多种油品和有机溶剂具有良好的吸附能力,在重复十次吸附-挤压回收实验后依然保持较强的吸附性能,改性后的硅气凝胶最大吸附能力可达自身重量的12倍。综上,经壳聚糖改性后的材料提高了对油水混合物的吸附性能和可重复使用性,可实现较低成本并且高效地进行油水分离的目的。Abstract: Chitosan modified silicon dioxide aerogels were prepared by sol-gel method and atmospheric drying method. The materials were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, static contact angle measurement, etc., the effect of chitosan on the structure and properties of pure silica aerogels was analyzed. The results showed that the silica aerogel modified by chitosan had milky white particles on its surface, and the addition of a small amount of chitosan powder made the silicon dioxide spherical particles more tightly linked to form a continuous network structure, it is more porous than silicon dioxide aerogels, and the addition of chitosan makes the structure of the material more stable. Compared with silicon dioxide aerogels, the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of chitosan-silica aerogels are improved, the compression resistance of the material was obviously enhanced by 66.2%, and the material had good adsorption ability for many kinds of oil and organic solvents, the maximum adsorption capacity of modified silica aerogel is 12 times of its own weight. In conclusion, the chitosan modified material can improve the absorbability and repeatability of oil-water mixture, and achieve the goal of low cost and efficient oil-water separation.
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Key words:
- oil/water separation /
- silica aerogel /
- chitosan /
- mechanical properties
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