Abstract: Due to continuous economic and social development and the predominant use of coal in energy consumption, emissions of PAHs in China has maintained a high level for years, which has resulted in serious PAHs contamination in atmospheric and soil environments. To evaluate the processes and mechanisms contributing to accumulation and regulation of PAHs in wheat, based on systematic analysis of characteristics and mechanisms of uptake, translocation and accumulation of PAHs in wheat, the present work focused on the effects of root and foliar uptake of PAHs. Previous studies have found that wheat root uptake of PAHs mainly includes active and passive processes, of which active process is a carrier-mediated, energy-consuming and H⁺-coupled symport process. Besides simple diffusion, which is especially prevalent for passive uptake in higher plants, PAHs could enter into roots via aquaglyceroporin. PAHs could enter into leaves by gas-phase and particle-phase deposition onto the waxy cuticle or via the stomata. Root and foliage uptake of PAHs are governed by the physicochemical properties of PAHs, plant species and environmental conditions. Acropetal translocation of PAHs by root is associated with K_OW, transpiration rate, nitrogen form and concentration in soil. Current studies face some challenges. The mechanisms of PAHs translocating from leaves to root need further research. In addition, winter wheat always suffers from the double pollutions of soil and atmosphere under field conditions, and the role of root and foliar uptake of PAHs in the accumulation of PAHs in wheat has not been developed yet. Therefore, more efforts should be devoted to illustrating the effects of phloem and xylem in translocation of PAHs, using powerful techniques such as isotope trace and two-photon excitation microscopy to visualize and track how such compounds enter, move and distribute within wheat foliage, providing insight into PAHs foliar uptake. Paying more attention to field experiments to fully address root and foliar uptake of PAHs will provide logical proofs for revealing mechanisms of uptake, accumulation and regulation of PAHs in wheat and for the safety of agro-products growing in the PAHs-polluted areas.