Abstract: Atmospheric particulate matter is comprised of a variety of components. Due to the large proportion and the influence on human health and visibility, the carbonaceous aerosol has attracted much attention. For the research on the long-term variation of carbonaceous aerosol, PM₁₀ samples were collected during 2009-2013 in Chengdu City. The inorganic elements, water-soluble ions and carbon composition were determined. Moreover, PMF-ratio model is applied to quantify the sources of PM₁₀ and carbonaceous aerosol. Results present that concentration of carbonaceous fractions shows it highest value in winter and May. OC/EC ratio is higher in winter and the modeled results show that SOC increased in winter, which might indicate more secondary carbon (SOC) in winter. Furthermore, char-EC/soot-EC and K concentration is higher in May, which may illustrate more biomass combustion in May. Six source categories are identified, including crust dust (26.5%), the secondary sulfate (25.1%), coal combustion & straw burning (17.3%), secondary nitrate & the secondary organic carbon (12.3%), vehicle exhaust (11.8%), cement dust (7.0%). Major contributors to OC in PM₁₀ are vehicular exhaust (38.2%), coal combustion & straw burning (33.1%) and SOC (25.3%). The coal combustion & biomass combustion and vehicle exhaust contributed 50.5% and 45.4% of char-EC. Vehicle exhaust dominates soot-EC (73.2%) in PM₁₀. PM₁₀ mainly comes from the crust dust, secondary sulfate, coal combustion & straw burning. The carbonaceous aerosol mainly comes from the vehicle exhaust and coal combustion & straw burning.