Abstract: To summarize the definition, measurement and the effect of environmental attitude on environmental behavior, we conducted a literature review and a meta-analysis. Through searching for research on environmental attitude from four databases (i.e., Elsevier ScienceDirect, Web of Science Core Collection, RUC Resource Searching Platform and CNKI), 202 core articles were filtrated out from 652 related literatures, from which 43 empirical papers were selected for the meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between environmental attitudes and four types of environmental behavior. The results show that although there are many definitions on environmental attitude, most of them focus on psychological aspects such as emotions, beliefs, behavioral intentions and tendencies; also, many measurement scales on environmental attitude have been established, among which the New Environmental Paradigm Scale and the New Ecological Paradigm Scale are the key scales. A substantial amount of research has explored the psychological and socio-demographic antecedents of environmental attitude around the world, focusing on value, norm, gender, age, income, education and knowledge, while domestic scholars have paid more attention on knowledge. In addition, the correlation coefficient between environmental attitudes and environmental behavior is 0.309 (P < 0.001), and there is a significant positive correlation between environmental attitudes and environmental behavior. The relationships between environmental attitude and recycling, energy consumption, green purchasing and travel behavior shows that environmental attitude and green purchasing behavior comprehensive correlation coefficient was 0.334 (P < 0.001), higher than the recycle behavior, energy consumption behavior and travel behavior. Therefore, environmental attitude and green purchasing behavior had the strongest correlation. The results have important implications to the understanding of the facilitating role and intervention effect of environmental attitude in different environmental behaviors. On the one hand, the general positive effect of environmental attitude on environmental behavior implies that it is feasible to improve a range of environmental behaviors by increasing individuals' environmental attitude through education, promotion, etc. The differences in the effects of environmental attitude on different types of environmental behavior imply that in addition to increasing people's environmental attitude, other intervention approaches (e.g., price intervention, reminders) may also need to be used for improving environmental behaviors such as energy saving.