含氮消毒副产物卤乙酰胺的水解特性

Hydrolysis of Nitrogenous Disinfection By-Product Haloacetamides

  • 摘要: 为探究高毒性含氮消毒副产物HAcAms(卤乙酰胺)的水解特性,选取水中普遍存在的2种溴代HAcAmsBCAcAm(溴氯乙酰胺)、DBAcAm(二溴乙酰胺)与2种氯代HAcAmsDCAcAm(二氯乙酰胺)、TCAcAm(三氯乙酰胺)作为研究对象,研究pH、初始ρ(HAcAms)、温度、氯消毒剂和氯胺消毒剂等因素对HAcAms稳定性的影响.结果表明:①4种HAcAms在pH为5和7时较稳定,在pH为8~10下发生碱性催化水解反应,并且水解速率随pH升高而增加.②相同碱性环境中,4种HAcAms的水解速率大小依次为TCAcAm > DCAcAm > BCAcAm > DBAcAm,并且初始ρ(HAcAms)(30~150 μg/L)越小,温度(25~35℃)越高,HAcAms水解速率越大.③中性条件下,4种HAcAms在ρ(NaClO)(NaClO为次氯酸钠)为1~5 mg/L时均迅速氯化分解,并且分解速率随ρ(NaClO)增加而增大,4种HAcAms分解速率的大小规律与其碱性水解速率大小规律一致.④当pH为7时,4种HAcAms在ρ(NH2Cl)(NH2Cl为一氯胺)为0.5~5 mg/L下较稳定.研究显示,水中HAcAms在高pH、低初始ρ(HAcAms)、高温及氯消毒剂存在的条件下易水解,其中溴代HAcAms比氯代HAcAms更稳定,其在饮用水与再生水中的风险更需要重视.

     

    Abstract: To understand the stability of HAcAms (haloacetamides) in water, two brominated species including BCAcAm (bromochloroacetamide) and DBAcAm (dibromoacetamide), and two chlorinated species including DCAcAm (dichloroacetamide) and TCAcAm (trichloroacetamide), which were commonly detected in drinking water and reclaimed water, were selected as targeted HAcAms. The stability of the targeted HAcAms was examined under a variety of conditions including different pH, initial concentrations of HAcAms, temperatures and disinfectant doses including chlorine doses and monochloramine doses. The results indicated that the targeted HAcAms were stable at pH 5 and 7, but all of them underwent alkaline hydrolysis in the pH range of 8 to 10 with hydrolysis rates rising with increasing pH values. Among the 4 HAcAms, the hydrolysis rates followed the order TCAcAm > DCAcAm > BCAcAm > DBAcAm under the same alkaline conditions. Besides, the hydrolysis rates of the HAcAms increased with the decrease of initial HAcAms concentrations in the range of 30 to 150 μg/L and the increase of temperature in the range of 25 to 35℃. At neutral condition, the doses of free chlorine in the range of 1 to 5 mg/L caused rapid loss of HAcAms, and the rates of loss accelerated with increasing chlorine dose. This chlorine-assisted reaction followed the trends noted for HAcAm alkaline hydrolysis. At pH 7, the HAcAms were stable when monochloramine concentration was in the range of 0.5 to 5 mg/L. In conclusion, the 4 HAcAms could undergo hydrolysis at high pH, low initial concentrations of HAcAms, high temperature, and undergo degradation in the presence of chlorine. The brominated HAcAms exhibited higher stability than the chlorinated compounds, thus more attention should be paid to them.

     

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