Abstract: Particulate matter has been considered as the primary factor that significantly affected the air quality in Xi'an City. The activity data of different anthropogenic sources of fine particles (PM_2.5) in Xi'an City was obtained from the statistical yearbook, environmental statistics data, and field investigation. The total annual emissions of fine particulate matters in Xi'an City (2014), as well as the emission weight distribution by diverse industries and regions, were evaluated by using mass balance calculation and emission factor method. In addition, the reduction potential of fine particulate matter emission was further predicted by selecting 2014 as the base year coupled with the local policies of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, and the latest emission standards of those industries. The results showed that the primary fine particulate matters emitted from anthropogenic sources in Xi'an City attained 33, 660.1 t which consisted of fixed combustion sources, technological process sources, mobile sources, biomass combustion sources, dust sources and catering industry with the weight distribution of 27.6%, 23.5%, 6.8%, 10.7%, 31.1% and 0.3%, respectively, in 2014. Road dust, industrial kilns and thermal power generation were considered as the dominant emission sources, accounting for 21.4%, 20.3% and 11.0% of the total emission, respectively. Regionally, the emissions from the Huyi District, Baqiao District and Weiyang District, with the distribution of 15.7%, 13.7% and 12.7%, respectively, were significantly higher than other districts. The New-urban district distributed the lowest emissions (297.8 t/a). The results also demonstrated that the average emission intensity of fine particulate matters in Xi'an City was 2.07 t/km²; the Beilin District accounted for the maximum emission (16.80 t/km²), and the Gaoling District was the lowest district (0.48 t/km²). Under the guidance of those new policies such as the Iron Fist to Control Haze and Protect Blue Sky, it is predictable that the emission reduction of fine particulate matters would attain 63.7% compared with 2014 in Xi'an City. The research shows that fixing combustion sources, technological process sources, and biomass combustion sources has potential to reduce fine particulate matter emission.