Abstract: To explore the main source and biotoxicity risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) in the sediments of Songhua Lake, an important water source in Jilin Province, 21 surface sediment samples were collected from Songhua Lake in July 2017, the preferentially controlled mass fractions of 16 PAHs and 6 PAEs were determined by GC-MS, and the survey results were analyzed by statistical analysis. The research result shows that:(1) The range of w(∑₁₆PAHs) was 23.1-554.8 ng/g, and the mean and median values were 172.9 and 123.2 ng/g, respectively. The high value of w(∑₁₆PAHs) was found in the area near Piaohe Town and Fengman Town. The sources of PAHs mainly came from fuel oil pollution (contribution rate was 57.9%), followed by coal and biomass burning pollution, petroleum product leakage pollution (contribution rates were 21.1% and 21.0%). (2) The range of w(∑₆PAEs) was 33.7-2062.3 ng/g, and the mean and median values were 240.4 and 72.7 ng/g, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) ortho-phthalate (DEHP) were the main components of PAEs. The high value distribution of w(∑₆PAEs) was located in the area near Wangqi Town, the sources of PAEs were mainly affected by urban domestic pollution inputs. (3) PAHs and PAEs in the sediments of Songhua Lake had low ecological risk, only some points had low potential ecological risks, but w(DBP) was close to the effects range low (ERL) in the area near Wangqi Town, which should be paid attention to. The study showed that the pollution degree of PAHs and PAEs in Songhua Lake was low, but in order to strengthen the protection of Songhua Lake, the source of drinking water, it is necessary to strengthen the risk prevention and control of traffic fuel pollution sources and the supervision of coal combustion and domestic pollution sources in the lake area near townships.