Abstract: 1, 2-dibromo-4-(1, 2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane, also known as tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), is a novel additive brominated flame retardant (BFR). It has a complex stereochemistry and consists mainly of four diastereomers with each of them having a pair of enantiomers. With the ban on production or the restricted use of legacy BFRs, TBECH, as one of the substitutes, is widely used in construction, textile and electronics industries. Due to its long-range transport, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity, TBECH is considered as a possible persistent organic pollutant. The analytical methods, environmental behaviors and toxicological effects of TBECH are reviewed. TBECH is usually detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but it only focused on the separation and analysis of TBECH diastereomers in the environmental samples. Detection of TBECH enantiomers will become the future development direction in the analysis of TBECH stereoisomers. TBECH has been successfully detected in various environmental media such as air, water, sediment and soil, and as well as in organisms. In addition, TBECH can cause endocrine-disrupting, reproductive and developmental toxicities and other toxic effects on organisms. The environmental behaviors of TBECH are stereoisomer-specific, and bioaccumulation, transformation and toxicological effects of TBECH are selective. So far, studies on environmental behaviors of TBECH are mainly focused on the aquatic ecosystem, which is still insufficient at the stereoisomer level. Therefore, the environmental processes and biological effects of TBECH should be further studied at the diastereomer and enantiomer levels in the future. Moreover, to fully understand the migration and transformation of TBECH and their environmental fate, more attention should be paid to the occurrence, distribution and environmental behavior of TBECH in the terrestrial ecosystem.