Abstract: In order to study the distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals, including Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in atmospheric particulate matter, samples were collected at Xinjiang Agricultural University living area in 2018. The heavy metal contents were quantified by a TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It can be concluded that:(1) The average concentrations of TSP, PM₁₀, PM₅ and PM_2.5 in each season were 93.17-257.14, 70.57-202.29, 57.58-147.96 and 48.71-147.46 μg/m³ in Xinjiang Agricultural University. (2) The average concentrations of heavy metals in different atmospheric particulates in each season were ρ(Zn) > ρ(Cu) > ρ(Pb) > ρ(Cr) > ρ(Mn) > ρ(Cd). (3) The results of health risk assessment indicated that the non-cancer risks of Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn in different particulates were higher in children than adults, the total non-cancer risk (HI) was less than the limit value (1) and the carcinogen risks of Cd, Cr were 3.07×10^-6-2.36×10^-5. (4) The results of geo-accumulation index analysis (I_geo) showed that I_geo average of Mn was -2.43 in atmospheric particulate, indicating that is was not contaminated; Cr was 0.78, which indicates no to medium pollution; Cu and Pb were 4.53, 4.33, respectively, which was moderate and severe pollution; Zn and Cd were 5.68, 7.18, respectively, which showed heavy pollution. The study shows that Cd and Cr in atmospheric particles at Xinjiang Agricultural University had no carcinogenic risk to human body, and the pollution of Zn and Cd were relatively severe, so Urumqi City should take corresponding control measures in time.