Abstract: In order to analyze the current status of heavy metal pollution and quantitatively explain its source distribution, the data of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in the sediments of Xingyun Lake were obtained by fixed-point sampling in April 2018. The spatial distribution and pollution status of the heavy metals were analyzed using inverse distance weighting, index of geoaccumulation and potential ecological risk assessment. After judging the relationship between the pollution source categories and the primary and secondary sources by the PCA model, the contribution rates of the sources were obtained by the PMF model. The results show that Ni and Cu do not exceed the local background value, Hg is the highest potential ecological risk element, reaching 2.13 times the background value, Cd is the largest index of geoaccumulation element and the highest comprehensive potential ecological risk point appears in the northwest Bay of Xingyun Lake. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in Xingyun Lake sediments is mainly related to inflowing rivers and topography of lake basin. It shows the trend of centripetal diffusion from river transportation, and the high concentration areas are located in the lake center and the specific estuary. Hg is a special element and its distribution is different from other elements, it is in the order of northwest bay > south > central part. Heavy metals in the sediments of Xingyun Lake mainly come from natural sources (43.32%), industrial sources (25.89%), agricultural sources (20.52%) and transportation sources (10.27%). The contribution of natural sources is the largest and the contribution of anthropogenic sources is relatively low. The contribution of anthropogenic pollution sources in Xingyun Lake is not high, but the pollution of heavy metals in the lake area is still at a high level. The distribution characteristics of Hg and its huge risk contribution indicate that the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in Xingyun Lake may continue to increase.