Abstract: Atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure is associated with respiratory diseases, and a high-fat diet is also one of the triggers of asthma. In recent years, the prevalence of asthma has been on the rise in China. Discussion on the effects of atmospheric PM_2.5, high-fat diet, and their synergistic effects on the prevalence of asthma may provide a new ideas for the interventional treatment of asthma. The present study summarized the effects of PM_2.5 exposure and high-fat diet on asthma and the pathogenesis of asthma, and pointed out: (1) The particulate matter exposure can trigger the inflammatory response in the body and increase the risk of asthma. (2) A high-fat diet can cause inflammation through metabolic activation of immune-related signaling pathways in the body. (3) Both can affect asthma inflammation through the MyD88/TLRs signaling pathway and Th1/Th2. The study reveals: the mechanism of action of PM_2.5 and high-fat diet on asthma is consistent, which may have a synergistic effect on human health.