Abstract: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), an emerging pollutant, cause health risks by accumulation in environment. It also induces the production of resistant bacteria through gene horizontal transfer, endangering human health and national biosecurity. Currently, research on ARGs is concentrated on wastewater, soil, and aerosol. However, scientific issues such as microbial driving mechanisms are still unclear, and the microbial response to abundance of ARGs remains to be further studied. Herein, manure composting experiments were conducted at four concentration levels (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of Ciprofloxacin stress. The response mechanism of ARGs abundance and microbial community structure was analyzed based on molecular biology, network analysis and statistical analysis. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in potential host bacteria and their correlation with ARGs were discussed. The results showed that after composting, the total abundance of quinolones ARGs in CK, A25 and A100 all decreased to varying degrees, but the total abundance of ARGs in A50 did not decrease. During high temperature composting, in addition to CK, the abundance of ARGs in the treatment groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Aquamicrobium, Lactobacillus and Altererythrobacter were the dominant genus of bacteria in manure compost. They were also potential host microorganisms for quinolones ARGs, mainly distributed in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Highly abundance pathogenic bacteria Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Streptococcus were potential host bacteria for quinolones ARGs. The pathogenic bacteria in the four composts were not removed completely on the 46th day of composting maturity. In summary, there is an environmental health risk of transferring ARGs to pathogenic bacteria in a pig manure composting environment. The high-temperature period is a key stage to control the environmental pollution of ARGs.