Abstract: As one of the most developed provinces in China, the sustainable economic and social development of Guangdong Province is facing the challenge of increasing CO₂ emissions. Analyzing the socioeconomic factors of CO₂ emission changes from multiple perspectives is conducive to the low-carbon development in Guangdong Province. Based on the input-output analysis, this study investigates the evolution of CO₂ emissions from the perspectives of production, demand, and supply during 1987-2015. We also quantify the relative contribution of socioeconomic factors to CO₂ emissions during this period from the perspectives of demand and supply using structural decomposition analysis. The results show that: (1) Compared with the production-side results, the demand-side and supply-side results can identify new critical sectors that lead to CO₂ emissions (e.g., the construction sector for demand-side results and the finance and insurance sector for supply-side results). (2) The decrease in CO₂ emission intensity is the major factor mitigating CO₂ emissions, while the per capita final demand and per capita primary inputs are the dominate factors for CO₂ emission increase in Guangdong Province during 1987-2015. (3) Changes in the production structure, final demand structure and primary input structure lead to slight increase in CO₂ emissions, indicating there is great potentials for future CO₂ mitigation by optimizing the structural factors in Guangdong Province. In summary, in addition to CO₂ reduction measures on the production side, Guangdong should also pay attention to demand-side and supply-side measures such as optimizing product consumption, product allocation, and primary inputs.