Abstract: In order to study the distribution and surface microscopic characteristics of microplastics in municipal sewage of Wuhan City, a self-improved microplastic extraction device, which was improved on the basis of the continuous flotation separation device, was used to separate the microplastics in the municipal sewage. Separation and enrichment methods of microplastics and nanoplastics were established based on the digestion of sewage samples with a mixed solution of 65% nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide with the volume ratio of 1∶3, and a separation technology using three sieves with 300, 600, and 1 000 mesh (the size of 100 mesh screen: 0.147 mm) and filter membranes including glass fiber filter membrane with 1 μm pore size and alumina microfiltration membrane with 20 nm pore size. The analysis of composition, occurrence characteristics and surface morphological properties of microplastics was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope-X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Results showed that: (1) The average recovery of microplastics by this method was higher than 92%. (2) The microplastics in the sewage samples mainly included fragments, foams, films and fibers. (3) According to the results of FTIR, the microplastic particles extracted by this method contained polyethylene, polypropylene, carbonyl compounds and polyester substances, indicating that the extracted microplastics might contain degradable plastic particles. (4) SEM-EDS analysis indicated that the microplastic surface had different degrees of roughness, tearing and weathering marks, and contained Si, Cu, O, Al, Na, Ca, Ba and other elements. Therefore, the improved method used in this study can efficiently extract microplastics from sewage. The results of this study clarified the surface morphological properties and occurrence characteristics of microplastics in Wuhan urban sewage, provided a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of microplastic pollution in Wuhan urban sewage in the future.