Abstract: In order to quantify the contribution of soil heavy metal sources in the area affected by key polluting enterprises, the surface soil (0-20 cm) of Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province was selected as the research object, and the content of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr in the soil was determined. The positive definite matrix factorization model (PMF) was used to analyze the pollution sources of the heavy metals, and the main influence areas of each source were identified in combination with geostatistical analysis. Based on the results of geostatistical analysis, the Moran's I index was used to characterize the spatial relationship between key polluting enterprises and pollution sources to explore the impact of industrial waste discharged by different industries on the content of the heavy metals in the soil. The results showed that the average content of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr in the soil was 1.474, 0.291, 65.165, 217.974, and 66.697 mg/kg, respectively. Except for the Cr content, the contents of the other 4 heavy metals were higher than the soil environmental background value in Hunan Province, indicating that they were significantly affected by human activities. The heavy metals in the study area were affected by four sources. Natural sources were the main source of Cr, with a contribution rate of 88.2%, and the main affected areas were in the north of Suxian District. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition was the main source of Hg, with a contribution rate of 80.6%, and the main affected areas were in the central and eastern Suxian District. Industrial waste from the mining and dressing industry was the main source of Cd and Pb, and their contribution rates were 63.2% and 65.9%, respectively. The main affected areas were in the middle of Suxian District. Industrial mixed sources were the main sources of As, with a contribution rate of 75.1%, and the main affected areas were in the central and north-central Suxian District. The combined application of the Moran's index and PMF model is an effective method to obtain the potential source distribution, and can provide an effective support for enterprise management and soil pollution control decision-making.