Abstract:
Arsenic (As) is listed as the first class carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization. Due to the specific tissue of rice, high content of arsenic can be accumulated in rice. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the rice consumption behavior of people and assess the harmful effects of As in rice on the human health. So far, the researches on health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure via rice ingestion is still in the developing stage. The exposure assessment methods for iAs in rice still lack detailed exposure factors. Thus, this study was conducted to obtain the information on the rice exposure behavior patterns of the Beijing population and to collect rice samples for exposure assessment. After collecting rice consumption behavior patterns through questionnaire surveys, 160 representative rice samples including japonica, indica, glutinous and brown rice species were collected in Beijing. Then, the As content in different types of rice was weighted to carry out a refined daily average exposure dose assessment of iAs according to the actual rice intake of people in Beijing and the iAs content of different types of rice. The results showed that the average iAs level in rice consumed by Beijing residents was 0.060 mg/kg, which was lower than the limit of As in rice (0.2 mg/kg) regulated in the
National Food Safety Standard Limit of Pollutants in Food (GB 2762-2017). Among these types of rice, the As content in japonica rice was the highest (0.063 mg/kg), and the As content in indica rice was the lowest (0.053 mg/kg). Furthermore, the daily rice intake of Beijing residents was 91.19 g, of which 82.8% was japonica rice. Additionally, the weighted and the refined exposure dose of iAs through rice ingestion was 0.12 μg/(kg·d), which was 1.23-1.32 times the unweighted exposure assessment. The refined exposure dose was about 40% of the allowable daily intake of As (0.3 μg/(kg·d)). The results show that As pollution in rice in Beijing is not very severe, indicating that Beijing residents' exposure to arsenic through rice will not cause serious harmful effects. The exposure assessment method of As in rice in this study shows that the refined exposure assessment method can reduce the uncertainty in the assessment.