Abstract: Soil microbes play an important role in forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the functional diversity of soil microbes under different forest vegetation types. In this study, the Biolog-Eco microplate method was used to study the soil microbial functional diversity under three typical forest types-Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica, and Larix gmelinii forests in Heilongjiang Central Station Black-billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in soil microbial average well color development (AWCD) values, Shannon-Wiener index and McIntosh index of Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica and Larix gmelinii soil (P < 0.05). The AWCD gradually increased with the increase of cultivation time. The AWCD value of Betula platyphylla forest was the highest, while the AWCD value of Larix gmelinii forest was the lowest. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there were significant differences in soil microbes among the three forest types. Principal component 1 and principal component 2 could explain 38.81% and 30.3% of the variance variables, respectively. From the perspective of carbon source utilization, carbohydrates and amino acids were the main carbon sources that affect the soil microbial function of the three forest types. Canonical correlation analysis showed that organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH had significant impacts on microbial functional diversity. The results showed that the soil microbial functional diversity and carbon source utilization were significantly different between forest types, and were mainly affected by soil pH, w(SOC) and w(TN).