Abstract: Covalent organic framework composites (COFs) is a kind of emerging porous polymer materials with two-dimensional or three-dimensional crystal structure, which are formed by strong covalent bonding of light elements C, O, N, B, etc. Due to their adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, high porosity, stable structure and chemical modification, COFs play an important role in the adsorption and removal of pollutants. The latest synthesis strategies of COFs mainly include 'bottom-up', post-synthesis modification and hybrid synthesis strategies. Moreover, the research progress of COFs in the adsorption and removal of heavy metals from water was summarized, and its application prospect was also discussed. The use of adsorbents to remove heavy metals from environmental waters plays a vital role in the field of environmental governance. As a new type of porous crystalline material, COFs have excellent adsorption performance and can effectively remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption mechanism is mainly composed of chemical adsorption and physical adsorption, and the dominant mechanism is chemical adsorption. The synthesis methods of COFs have some disadvantages, such as long time, high cost and low yield, which hinder their practical application in the field of environmental analysis. In order to increase efficiency, save cost and realize industrial production, it is urgent to develop new methods to synthesize COFs and composite materials.