Abstract: High-efficiency and low-cost catalysts are the research focus of removing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) by catalytic oxidation at low temperature. The Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation. The structural characteristics of the catalysts were analyzed by N₂ physical adsorption, XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy). And dynamic desorption experiments of H₂S at different temperatures, humidity and Cu loadings were carried out to investigate the desulfurization performance of the catalyst. The results show that: (1) The catalyst was a typical mesoporous material, and CuO and Cu₂O were highly dispersed on the catalyst surface. (2) Cu_xO on the catalyst surface and hydroxyl on the surface water participated in the catalytic oxidation of H₂S to SO₄^2-. (3) Elemental S and CuS were formed during the desulfurization. (4) Appropriate temperature and humidity (50℃, relative humidity 50%) significantly enhanced the desulfurization performance of the Cu-based catalysts. (5) The Cu-based catalyst with a loading of 3% had the best desulfurization performance, and its breakthrough sulfur capacity was as high as 220.92 mg/g. The results indicate that the Cu-based catalysts with high sulfur capacity for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide at low temperature can be synthesized by impregnation method. This study offers an effective and feasible method for the treatment of odor.