Abstract: Study on the traceability of groundwater pollution is the foundation of groundwater environmental protection. Because of the invisibility and complexity of groundwater systems and the diversity and multiple sources of pollutants, the research of groundwater pollution traceability faces challenges. How to quickly identify whether groundwater is polluted and accurately trace the source of groundwater pollution is the key to studying groundwater pollution identification and traceability. The indicators used for groundwater pollution identification and traceability as well as their research progress and suitability are discussed based on domestic and international research. It is found that stable isotopes are the most commonly used tool in pollution traceability. As a representative of conventional hydrogeochemical indexes, halides can be used in some scenarios such as sewage pollution. The detection of emerging pollutants and rare earth elements from anthropogenic sources directly indicates groundwater pollution. Due to the complexity of groundwater pollution sources, the combined use of different traceability indicators and identification methods will help to better identify pollution process and source, and will be the research focus in the future.