Abstract: In order to study the effect of sludge composting on PAHs and the changes of antibiotics and resistance genes in the composting process, experiments were set up to add auxiliary sawdust, mushroom residue, microbial fermentation bacteria and acidified biochar. The results show that the degradation rate of PAHs by sludge composting was more than 50%, and the degradation rate of fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene was more than 80%. The total degradation rate of ∑₁₆PAHs (total amount of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) was 78.7%, that of ∑PAHs-cancer(total amount of 4-6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with carcinogenic activity) was 74.1%, and that of ∑PAHs-PPC(total PAHs listed as 'priority pollutants' in China) was 68.6%, respectively. During the composting, the contents of 136 resistant genes were reduced to different degrees, 11 resistant genes such as BL2a_1 (penicillin), catB5 (chloramphenicol) and tetPA (tetracycline) were removed completely, and the contents of 19 resistant genes such as BL1_asba (cephalosporin), EreA (erythromycin), QnrB (fluoroquinolone) and cmL_e8 (chloramphenicol) were reduced by 85%. The composting effectively reduced the resistance genes. The research shows that the degradation of antibiotics affected the level of microbial community, and Mycobacterium and Sphingobacterium changed obviously. During the application process, resistance genes migrated horizontally. The agricultural application of the compost products needs further research and demonstration.