Abstract: During the ‘13th Five-Year Plan’ period, China has made promising achievements in air pollution prevention and control. The concentration of PM_2.5 and the number of heavily pollution days have decreased significantly. At the same time, O₃ pollution in urban areas has become a prominent problem, indicating that China's air pollution has undergone profound changes. In recent years, PM_2.5 and O₃ have gradually become the main factors that affect the continuous improvement of air quality in urban and regional areas in China. The so-called complex air pollution of PM_2.5 and O₃ will be the focused issue of air pollution prevention and control strategy in China and the synergistic control of multiple air pollutants will become the major task during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period. Through combing the progress of synergistic control of the pollutants of PM_2.5 and O₃ in China and abroad, this paper summarizes the current situation and challenges of the synergistic control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution all over China. We propose a preliminary theoretical framework for collaborative control of air pollution, which includes the objectives of collaborative prevention and control, major tasks and key supporting conditions. In conclusion, we put forward some relevant suggestions for the collaborative control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution: (1) Insist on scientific and precise strategy of air quality. (2) Insist on comprehensive and systematic strategy of air quality. (3) Insist on strict strategy of air quality according to the law. (4) Insist on multi-dimensional coordinated strategy.