Abstract: Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has become a research hotspot in the field of water treatment in recent years due its high electron transfer efficiency and good selectivity. The combination of S-ZVI with advanced oxidation processes (S-ZVI/AOPs) can not only maintain the strong reducibility of S-ZVI, but also induce the generation of reactive oxidative species with strong ability to achieve oxidation and even mineralization of organic pollutants. This review summarizes the research and application of S-ZVI and S-ZVI-based hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), oxygen (O₂) and persulfate (PS) activation systems in the field of water treatment. Various factors that affect the removal of pollutants, including S/Fe (mole ratio), dosage of S-ZVI, dosage of oxidant, initial pH of solution, etc. are systematically introduced. The reaction mechanisms involved in S-ZVI and S-ZVI/AOPs systems for pollutant remove are carefully and comprehensively discussed emphatically, and their applications in practical decontamination are described subsequently. Finally, suggestions and perspectives are made for future study on S-ZVI and S-ZVI/AOPs, aiming to improve the applicable feasibility of S-ZVI/AOPs in environmental remediation. It is found that pollutants are mainly removed through adsorption and reduction process in the S-ZVI alone system, while S-ZVI/AOPs are capable of oxidizing contaminants through the generated reactive oxidizing species (ROS). Sulfide layer can improve the yield of active species by changing electron transfer path, and certain sulfur species can also activate some oxidants. Some common ROS like hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxygen radical (O₂^▪−) and sulfate radical (SO₄^•−) can be produced in S-ZVI/AOPs, while non-free radical Fe(Ⅳ) is also frequently detected, but with a relatively limited contribution to contaminant removal. Furthermore, the activation pathways of oxidants include homogeneous and heterogeneous activation of Fe²⁺ and direct activation of Fe⁰. However, it should be noted that the quantification of electron transfer pathways in the reaction system is needed but is lack currently. Moreover, in order to improve the practical applicability, it is necessary to investigate the performance and clarify the mechanism of S-ZVI/AOPs in treating wastewater containing multiple pollutants. Additionally, the extent and the corresponding mechanism of O₂ effect on the removal of pollutants by S-ZVI need to be further studied.