Abstract: Benzoαpyrene (BaP), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is widely present in the environment and has attracted widespread attention due to its health risks. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is a mathematical model for predicting internal dose of pollutants in organisms, which has been widely applied in health risk assessment in recent years. This paper introduced the health hazards of BaP to organisms, summarized the research progress of the BaP PBPK model and pointed out several problems in BaP human PBPK model, such as the metabolic mechanisms of BaP and its metabolites were not fully clarified, and low reliability of metabolic parameters, the model still needs to be refined and so on. Then the applications of PBPK model in BaP health risk assessment were discussed. On the one hand, the PBPK model showed obvious advantages in clarifying the monitoring results of internal exposure and supplementing the metabolic mechanism of pollutants in human. Based on the PBPK model, the renal excretion mechanism of BaP biomarker 3-hydroxybenzo α pyrene in renal tubular reabsorption was analyzed and improved. On the other hand, as an extrapolation tool, the PBPK model can quantify the interspecific pharmacokinetic differences of pollutants by interspecific extrapolation, reducing the uncertainty of extrapolation from animal health doses to human benchmark doses. The PBPK model can be used to correlate internal and external exposure doses by in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, deducing the human health benchmark doses through inverse dosimetry. The application of these two extrapolation methods improved the scientificity and accuracy of human health benchmark value derived. In addition, the uncertainty sources of PBPK model based on BaP was analyzed, and the methods to improve the accuracy of the model were put forward. Finally, three key research directions were discussed and summarized to improve the method system of BaP human health risk assessment: (1) Exploring the method system of applying PBPK model to BaP health risk assessment. (2) Exploring the BaP health risk assessment probability model with higher reliability. (3) Carrying out the feasibility study of using BaP biomarkers in human health risk assessment.