Abstract: In order to evaluate the effect of road dust control and accurately control road dust, the silt load and road dust concentration on typical roads in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were measured from October 2020 to February 2021. The dust control efficiency of various cleaning measures were calculated, and the variation of road dust concentration after a typical wet cleaning measure was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Cleaning time, ambient temperature, relative humidity and some other factors all have an impact on the average control efficiency. The average control efficiency is approximately 23%-47% within 1 h, 20%-40% within 1-2 h, 5%-27% within 2-2.5 h, and the dust on the road surface returns to its original level after three hours. The control efficiency has a weak correlation with ambient temperature and relative humidity. When the daily air temperature rises, the evaporation of moisture on the road surface accelerates, resulting in a reduction in control efficiency. (2) The control efficiency varies with different types of cleaning measures. The mixed cleaning measures were the most efficient (37%-51%), followed by wet cleaning measures (11%-48%) and dry cleaning measures (5%-19%). The reason behind this is that different cleaning measures have variable dust removal and dust suppression capacities. (3) Wet cleaning measures can effectively control road dust for approximately 1 h after drying. The amount of sprayed water has an effect on dust control, because reducing the amount of sprayed water in winter (prevent road icing) reduces the control efficiency. The research results reveal that road dust loading and dust control efficiency are affected by cleaning measures, cleaning time, ambient temperature, relative humidity and seasonal changes, and these factors should be comprehensively considered in the control and management of urban road dust.